Hydrochloric acid (hcl)

Manufactured by Kemika

Sourced in Croatia

Hydrochloric acid is a clear, colorless, and highly corrosive liquid. It is a solution of hydrogen chloride in water. Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Sodium carbonate, by Kemika (7 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Kemika (7 mentions) Methanol, by Kemika (5 mentions) Trolox, by Merck Group (5 mentions) 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (4 mentions) Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Potassium chloride (kcl), by Kemika (3 mentions) Sodium acetate, by Kemika (3 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Kemika (3 mentions) 2 2 azinobis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid abts, by Merck Group (2 mentions) 2 4 6 tri 2 pyridyl s triazine tptz, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Iron chloride, by Kemika (2 mentions) Ammonium acetate, by Kemika (2 mentions) Procyanidin b2, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Myrtenol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Acetic acid, by Kemika (2 mentions) 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulfonic acid diammonium salt abts, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Boric acid, by Kemika (2 mentions) Kjeldahl tablets, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)

14 protocols using hydrochloric acid (hcl)

Comprehensive Analytical Standards for Lipid and Phytochemical Analysis

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All standards of fatty acid methyl esters were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, n-hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, potassium iodide, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, starch, concentrated sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Anhydrous sodium sulphate and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Sodium and potassium hydroxides in the form of pellets, chloroform and analytical standards (dihydrocholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, eicosanol, docosanol, tricosanol, tetracosanol, pentacosanol, hexacosanol, heptacosanol, octacosanol, squalene and (±)-α-tocopherol) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol and a silylating mixture according to Sweeley were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland).
Hydroxy tyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, lutein and apigenin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Caffeic acid and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard stock solutions of each compound were 1 mg/mL in Methanol.
All mineral standards were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and diluted to the appropriate obtained concentration.
All standards stored at +4 °C in amber vials and in a dark place until analysis.

Giacometti J., Milin Č., Giacometti F, & Ciganj Z. (2018). Characterisation of Monovarietal Olive Oils Obtained from Croatian cvs. Drobnica and Buza during the Ripening Period. Foods, 7(11), 188.

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Tart Cherry Jam Preparation

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Tart cherries were purchased at a local market, pits were removed, and flesh was used for the preparation of jams. The following chemicals were used: Potassium chloride, sodium acetate, hydrochloric acid, methanol, sodium carbonate, sodium bisulfite, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Trolox, 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Vukoja J., Pichler A, & Kopjar M. (2019). Stability of Anthocyanins, Phenolics and Color of Tart Cherry Jams. Foods, 8(7), 255.

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Antioxidant Evaluation of Citrus Fibers

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Hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, methanol, sodium carbonate, iron chloride, ammonium acetate and Folin–Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from the manufacturer Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Trolox was purchased from Sigma (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,2’-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiozolinesulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Fluka (Darmstadt, Germany). 2,4,6,-tri (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), gallic acid, procyanidin B2 and myrtenol were purchased from Sigma, Germany. Neocuproine and copper chloride are products of Gram-mol Zagreb, Croatia). Sucrose was purchased from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia), and maltose and trehalose were obtained from Hayashibara doo (Nagase group, Tokyo, Japan). Citrus fibers were obtained from Biesterfeld AG (Zagreb, Croatia).

Vukoja J., Buljeta I., Ivić I., Šimunović J., Pichler A, & Kopjar M. (2021). Disaccharide Type Affected Phenolic and Volatile Compounds of Citrus Fiber-Blackberry Cream Fillings. Foods, 10(2), 243.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclic Amines

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Cyclopropylamine (cpa), cyclopropylmethylamine (cpma), allylamine (aa) hydrochloride, aminoacetonitrile (aacn) hydrochloride, and anhydrous copper(II) bromide were purchased from Fluorochem Ltd. (Hadfield, UK) and used without further purification. Anhydrous copper(II) chloride was prepared by reaction of thionyl chloride (Merck) with copper(II) chloride dihydrate (Kemika, Zagreb, HR, Croatia). Dichloromethane (Kemika, Zagreb, HR, Croatia), aminoacetonitrile (Kemika, Zagreb, HR, Croatia), hexane (Kemika, Zagreb, HR, Croatia), and 4 mol dm⁻³ solution of hydrogen chloride in dioxane (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were used without further purification. hydrochloric acid (18% w/w) was prepared by diluting concentrated hydrochloric acid (Kemika, Zagreb, HR, Croatia) with distilled water. Anhydrous copper(II) chloride [29 (link)] and triphenylphosphinium bromide [30 (link)] (PPh₃·HBr) were prepared according to literature procedures. Elemental analyses (C, H, N, Cu) were provided by the Analytical Services Laboratory of the Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.

Topić E, & Rubčić M. (2023). Structural Insights into Layered Tetrahalocuprates(II) Based on Small Unsaturated and Cyclic Primary Ammonium Cations. Materials, 16(6), 2236.

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Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol

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Trolox, 2,4,6,-tri (2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), gallic acid, procyanidin B2 and myrtenol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, methanol, sodium carbonate, iron chloride, ammonium acetate and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiozolinesulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Neocuproine and copper chloride were obtained from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Sucrose was purchased from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia), while trehalose was obtained from Hayashibara doo (Okayama, Japan). Citrus fibers were obtained from Biesterfeld AG (Zagreb, Croatia).

Kopjar M., Ivić I., Buljeta I., Ćorković I., Vukoja J., Šimunović J, & Pichler A. (2021). Volatiles and Antioxidant Activity of Citrus Fiber/Blackberry Gels: Influence of Sucrose and Trehalose. Plants, 10(8), 1640.

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Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Plants

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Hydrochloric acid, bromocresol green and methyl red indicators, boric acid, Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent and sodium carbonate were supplied by Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Kjeldahl tablets were purchased from CarlRoth (Karsruhe, Germany). An integrated total dietary fibre assay kit was purchased from Megazyme (Wicklow, Ireland). Gallic acid (>97%), rosmarinic acid (97%), caffeic acid (HPLC standard), cryptochlorogenic (>98%), chlorogenic acid (95%), rutin trihydrate (>97%), luteolin (>98%), apigenin (>97%), (S)-6-Methoxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol was supplied from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain) and sulfuric acid, hexane, ethanol, formic acid and acetonitrile from Carlo Erba (Val de Reuil, France). Acetone was supplied by Gram-mol d.o.o (Zagreb, Croatia). All chemicals used for experimental procedures were of analytical grade or HPLC grade.

Šeremet D., Jokić S., Aladić K., Butorac A., Lovrić M., Tušek A.J., Obranović M., Mandura Jarić A., Vojvodić Cebin A., Carović-Stanko K, & Komes D. (2022). Comprehensive Study of Traditional Plant Ground Ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) Grown in Croatia in Terms of Nutritional and Bioactive Composition. Foods, 11(5), 658.

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Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol

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In this study, the following reagents and standards were used: aluminium chloride, quercetin dihydrate, gallic acid monohydrate, potassium persulfate, Trolox, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Lois, MO, USA); HPLC standards (gallic and caffeic acid, (+)-catechin hydrate, (−)-epicatechin, rutin hydrate, quercetin) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie Gmbh (Steinheim, Germany), and malvidin 3-glucoside from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium nitrite, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium bisulphite, sodium acetate, potassium chloride and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia); sodium acetate trihydrate, ferric chloride hexahydrate, and ammonium acetate were purchased from Gram-Mol (Zagreb, Croatia); copper(II) chloride from Acros Organics (New Jersey, NJ, USA); HPLC grade methanol and neocuproine from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and phosphoric acid (HPLC grade) were obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland).

Ivić I., Kopjar M., Pichler D., Buljeta I, & Pichler A. (2021). Concentration with Nanofiltration of Red Wine Cabernet Sauvignon Produced from Conventionally and Ecologically Grown Grapes: Effect on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity. Membranes, 11(5), 322.

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Comprehensive Banana and Beetroot Analysis

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Banana (var. Cavendish, produced by Costanza Organic Bananas, Ecuador) and red beetroot (grown at a local agricultural farm) were purchased in a local store. Hydrochloric acid (37%), bromcresol green and methyl red indicators, boric acid and Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent were supplied from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Kjeldahl tablets were purchased from CarlRoth (Karsruhe, Germany). An integrated total dietary fiber assay kit was purchased from Megazyme (Wicklow, Ireland). Dopamine hydrochloride, (S)-6-Methoxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 -Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), gallic acid, neutral red and dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Standards of D-glucose, D-fructose and sucrose were purchased from Fluka (Taufkirchen, Germany). M ethanol was supplied from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain) and ethanol (96%), glacial acetic acid (85%) and acetonitrile from Carlo Erba (Val de Reuil, France). All chemicals used for experimental procedures were of analytical grade.

Šeremet D., Durgo K., Jokić S., Huđek A., Cebin A.V., Mandura A., Jurasović J., & Komes D. (2020). Valorization of Banana and Red Beetroot Peels: Determination of Basic Macrocomponent Composition, Application of Novel Extraction Methodology and Assessment of Biological Activity In Vitro. Sustainability, 12(11), 4539-4539.

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Comprehensive Chemical Inventory for Research

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Chemicals and standards used in this study were obtained as follows: gallic acid monohydrate, quercetin dihydrate, aluminum chloride, potassium persulfate, Trolox, 2,2 -azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and epicatechin from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Lois, MO, USA); Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, sodium nitrite, sodium hydroxide, potassium bisulfite, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, and hydrochloric acid from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia); sodium acetate trihydrate, ferric chloride hexahydrate, and ammonium acetate from Gram-Mol (Zagreb, Croatia); copper(II) chloride from Acros Organics (New Jersey, NJ, USA); HPLC grade methanol and neocuproine from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and phosphoric acid (HPLC grade) from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland).

Ivić I., Kopjar M., Jakobek L., Jukić V., Korbar S., Marić B., Mesić J., & Pichler A. (2021). Influence of Processing Parameters on Phenolic Compounds and Color of Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wine Concentrates Obtained by Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration. Processes, 9(1), 89-89.

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Antioxidant Assays Protocol

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The standards of gallic acid (>97.5%), L-ascorbic acid (≥99%), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (diammonium salt of 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-yl) sulfonic acid, >99.0%), dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (≥97%, DCF-DA), AAPH (2,2-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, 97%) and 2´,7´-dichloro fluorescin diacetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, p.a.), methanol (p.a.), ethanol (p.a.), hydrochloric acid (HCl, p.a.), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, p.a.), dibasic sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4*2H2O, p.a.), monobasic sodium phosphate (NaH2PO4*H2O, p.a.) and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were obtained from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia) while potassium persulfate (>98%) was purchased from Scharlau, (Regensburg, Germany).
The solvents used for solid-phase extraction were of HPLC grade and were obtained from Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA).

Lara C., Ana M.V., Čož‐Rakovac R., & Polonca T. (2022). Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Three Different Brown Macroalgae by Implementing Electrochemistry and Spectrophotometry: Correlation and Prospects.

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