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6 protocols using d 5 3h n glucose

1

Investigating Metabolic Regulation by SIRT4

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Bacterial endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS)] was purchased from Sigma (Escherichia coli 0111:B4); d-[5-3H(N)]-glucose, d-[6-14C]-glucose, 1-[14C]-palmitic acid and hyamine were obtained from Perkin-Elmer; Mito stress kit was from Seahorse Bioscience; Cell-Tak was from BD company; colorimetric assay kits for pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and for pyruvate and lactate levels were from Biovision; gene-specific TaqMan primer/probe sets were from Applied Biosystems; SIRT4 gene-specific siRNA and control siRNA were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; SIRT4 Flag (Plasmid #13815) (17 (link)), control pcDNA3.1+ without SIRT4 sequence, lentiCRISPRv2 vector, lentivirus helper plasmids psPAX2 and pND2.G were from Addgene; gene-specific antibodies were purchased from Gentex company.
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2

Glycolysis Quantification via Tritiated Water

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Glycolysis was measured by the conversion of d-[5-3H(N)]-glucose to tritiated water as described elsewhere (10 (link)). In brief, after starvation with glucose-free RPMI (Gibco) medium, Cells were incubated in triplicates with 1 μCi of d-[5-3H(N)]-glucose (Perkin-Elmer) at 37°C for 1 h in scintillation tubes containing 1 ml of H2O. The reaction was stopped by adding HCl (1N final) and scintillation tube was sealed. [3H]2O generated by enolase activity from d-[5-3H(N)]-glucose was vaporized for overnight at 50°C oven and cooled down for another overnight at 4°C. After removal of the central wells, [3H]2O was counted using a β-counter for detection of glycolytic rate. One μCi of d-[5-3H(N)]-glucose alone in triplicates was set for background control. One μCi of [3H]2O (Perkin-Elmer) alone in triplicates was set for detecting the efficiency of this water vapor exchange.
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3

Cell Line Authentication and Culturing

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The cell lines H2228, A549, and A431 were originally obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA). H3122 was obtained from NCI (Bethesda, MD). All the cell lines were authenticated in July of 2015 by STR DNA fingerprinting at the Characterized Cell Line Core Facility of MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). H2228, H3122 and A549 were cultured in RPMI-1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). A431 was cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. D-[5-3H(N)]-glucose was obtained from Perkin Elmer (Boston, MA). Ceritinib, MK2206, and rapamycin were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX). LY294002 was from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA).
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4

Cell Line Authentication and Culturing

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The cell lines H2228, A549, and A431 were originally obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA). H3122 was obtained from NCI (Bethesda, MD). All the cell lines were authenticated in July of 2015 by STR DNA fingerprinting at the Characterized Cell Line Core Facility of MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). H2228, H3122 and A549 were cultured in RPMI-1640 with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). A431 was cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS. D-[5-3H(N)]-glucose was obtained from Perkin Elmer (Boston, MA). Ceritinib, MK2206, and rapamycin were purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX). LY294002 was from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA).
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5

Glucose Uptake Regulation by LPA

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LPA (1-oleoly, 18:1) was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL). Prior to use, LPA was dissolved in PBS containing 0.5% fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) from Roche (Indianapolis, IN). d-[5-3H(N)]-glucose was purchased from Perkin Elmer (Boston, MA). EGF, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), and AG 1478 were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). IGF-1 and insulin were from Invitrogen (Gaithersburg, MD). Plasmid DNAs were purified using the endo-free purification kit from Qiagen (Valencia, CA). Dharmafect 1 was obtained from Dharmacon, Inc. (Lafayette, CO) and TransIT-TKO was obtained from Mirus Bio (Madison, WI). Luciferase assay reagents were obtained from Promega (Madison, WI). Anti-HK2 antibody was obtained from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA). The TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix and qPCR probes for HK2 and GAPDH were obtained from Applied Biosystems (Carlsbad, CA).
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6

Glucose Flux Measurement in Cells

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This assay was performed as previously published [44] (link). Glucose flux was determined in 2×106 viable cells by washing in PBS followed by incubation in glucose-free Kreb’s buffer for 30 min prior to addition of 10 µCi of D-[5-3H](N)-glucose (PerkinElmer, Wellesley, MA) and non–radio-labeled glucose to bring total glucose concentration to 10 mM prior to culture for 1 hour. Reactions were stopped by addition of an equal volume of 0.2 N HCl. [3H]H20 was separated from [3H]glucose by evaporated equilibrium in a sealed environment. Levels of [3H]H20 produced were measured on a scintillation counter, and glycolytic flux was calculated as described [44] (link). Average fold change and standard error of the mean were graphed; Student’s two-tailed T-Test was performed to calculate significance at p≤0.05, p≤0.01, or p≤0.001.
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