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3 protocols using cyclic di gmp

1

Biochemical Characterization of c-di-GMP

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5′-GTP was purchased from Promega. [α-32P]-GTP was obtained from PerkinElmer and cyclic di-GMP and pGpG were from Biolog. Restriction endonucleases and Phusion High Fidelity polymerase were purchased from New England Biolabs. PfuTurbo was obtained from Agilent. Qiagen was the source for nickel–nitriloacetic acid (Ni–NTA) agarose. A. vitis S4 cells were a generous gift from Professor Thomas Burr (Cornell University).
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2

Sting and cGAS Knockout MEF Cell Isolation

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All reagents were purchased from SIGMA unless specified. Primary Sting−/− MEF cells were prepared as previously described26 (link). Primary cGas−/− MEF cells were isolated from cGas−/− mice that were kindly gifted from Dr. Herbert “Skip” Virgin, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Poly I:C was purchased from American Biosciences. dsDNA (ISD90-mer) was prepared as previously described29 (link). To make biotin-labeled dsDNA (ISD90-mer), 5′-biotin labeled ISD90-mer sense DNA and unlabeled ISD90-mer antisense DNA that were synthesized at SIGMA were annealed in a water bath at 70 °C for 30 min and then cooled in the water bath to room temperature. cGAMP and cyclic di-GMP were purchased from BioLog. HSV-1 (KOS strain) was purchased from ATCC. HSV-1 γ34.5 was kindly provided by Bernard Roizman, University of Chicago. The viral titer was determined by plaque assay using Vero cells as previously described29 (link). Anti-STING rabbit polyclonal antibody was prepared as previously described26 (link). Other antibodies used in this paper are as follows: anti-β-actin (SIGMA, A5441); anti-FLAG (SIGMA, F1804); anti-calreticulin (Abcam, ab14234); anti-IRF3 (Cell Signaling, 4302); anti-phospho-IRF3 (Cell Signaling, 4947); anti-TBK1 (Abcam, ab40676); anti-phospho-TBK1 (Cell Signaling, 5483); anti-cGAS (Cell Signaling, 15102).
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3

Sting and cGAS Knockout MEF Cell Isolation

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All reagents were purchased from SIGMA unless specified. Primary Sting−/− MEF cells were prepared as previously described26 (link). Primary cGas−/− MEF cells were isolated from cGas−/− mice that were kindly gifted from Dr. Herbert “Skip” Virgin, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. Poly I:C was purchased from American Biosciences. dsDNA (ISD90-mer) was prepared as previously described29 (link). To make biotin-labeled dsDNA (ISD90-mer), 5′-biotin labeled ISD90-mer sense DNA and unlabeled ISD90-mer antisense DNA that were synthesized at SIGMA were annealed in a water bath at 70 °C for 30 min and then cooled in the water bath to room temperature. cGAMP and cyclic di-GMP were purchased from BioLog. HSV-1 (KOS strain) was purchased from ATCC. HSV-1 γ34.5 was kindly provided by Bernard Roizman, University of Chicago. The viral titer was determined by plaque assay using Vero cells as previously described29 (link). Anti-STING rabbit polyclonal antibody was prepared as previously described26 (link). Other antibodies used in this paper are as follows: anti-β-actin (SIGMA, A5441); anti-FLAG (SIGMA, F1804); anti-calreticulin (Abcam, ab14234); anti-IRF3 (Cell Signaling, 4302); anti-phospho-IRF3 (Cell Signaling, 4947); anti-TBK1 (Abcam, ab40676); anti-phospho-TBK1 (Cell Signaling, 5483); anti-cGAS (Cell Signaling, 15102).
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