Mueller hinton agar m173

To determine the antimicrobial activity, standard test strains of microorganisms were used: Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Streptococcus pneumonia ATCC 660, and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA), and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538-P, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus, obtained from the Republican Collection of Microorganisms (Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan).
Studies of the sensitivity of microorganisms were carried out on standard nutrient media:

Mueller–Hinton medium: Mueller–Hinton agar (M173), HiMedia, India

Mueller–Hinton broth (M391), HiMedia, India

Sabouraud liquid medium (M033), HiMedia, India

The antimicrobial activity of the carbon dioxide extract of Lavatera thuringiaca L. was determined by two methods: the method of serial dilution and the disk-diffusion method.

Acetic acid (Merck Co., Germany), nisin (Sigma Aldrich from Lactococcus lactis, potency ≥ 900 IU/mg, purity ≥ 95%, CAS Number 1414-45-5), Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) (BBL 11,407, USA), phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK) were purchased and used as received. Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Additionally, Mueller Hinton agar (M173) was purchased from HiMedia (Pvt., India), and LAB204 Neogen Company. While, 0.5 McFarland Standard (8.2 log₁₀ CFU/ml) (Cat. No. TM50) was purchased from Dalynn Biologicals Co. The deionized water was obtained from the Molecular Biology Unit, Assiut University, Egypt.