Ceftriaxone

The FA1090 (ATCC 700825) strain of N. gonorrhoeae was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA). GC agar base, Chocolate II agar, dried bovine hemoglobin, brucella broth and IsoVitaleX were obtained from Becton, Dickinson, and Company (Cockeysville, MD). Heart infusion agar was obtained from Hardy Diagnostics (Santa Maria, CA). Yeast extract and dextrose were obtained from Fisher Bioreagents (Fair Lawn, NJ). Auranofin, hematin, pyridoxal, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) were obtained from Chem-Impex International (Wood Dale, IL). Protease peptone and VCNT supplement were purchased from Oxoid (Lenexa, KS). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was obtained from Corning (Manassas, VA). Ceftriaxone, azithromycin and saponin were obtained from TCI America (Portland, OR) Tween 80 was obtained from Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ). Estradiol pellets (5-mg, 21-day controlled-release) were purchased from Innovative Research of America (Sarasota, FL). Dacron swabs were purchased from the Medical Packaging Corporation (Camarillo, CA).

N. gonorrhoeae strains (Table S1) used in the study were clinical isolates obtained from the CDC and the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) (Manassas, VA, USA). Drugs used in this study were purchased from chemical vendors: AZM (Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA, USA), EZM and tetracycline (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), azithromycin and ceftriaxone (TCI America, Portland, OR, USA). Media and reagents were purchased commercially: brucella broth, GC medium base, IsoVitaleX, bovine haemoglobin, and chocolate II agar plates (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Cockeysville, MD, USA), yeast extract and dextrose (Fisher Bioreagents, Fairlawn, NJ, USA), protease peptone (Oxoid, Lenexa, KS, USA), haematin, pyridoxal, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) (Chem-Impex International, Wood Dale, IL, USA), corn starch (Spectrum Chemical MFG, Gardena, CA, USA), monobasic potassium phosphate and dibasic potassium phosphate (Macron chemicals, Centre Valley, PA, USA), and sodium chloride (Fisher Scientific, Fail Lawn, NJ, USA), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Corning, Manassas, VA, USA).