Silkworm silk proteins were extracted using the established protocols36 (link). Bombyx mori cocoons (Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, China) were boiled for various time durations (e.g., 30, 60, and 120 min) in aqueous 0.02 M Na2CO3 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and then rinsed for 3 × 30 min in distilled water to remove the Na2CO3 and sericin. The HTP silk was prepared at 121 °C and 15 psi for 3 h. The degummed cocoons were allowed to dry for more than 12 h and then subsequently dissolved in 9.3 M LiBr (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) solution at 60 °C for 3–4 h. The solution was dialyzed for 2 days in distilled water using Slide-a-Lyzer dialysis cassettes (MWCO 3,500, Pierce, USA). The solution was centrifuged for 2 × 20 min at ~24,000 × g. The concentration was determined by measuring a volume of solution and the final dried weight.
Na2co3
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Poland, Macao, France, Spain, Canada, India, Brazil
Na2CO3, also known as sodium carbonate or washing soda, is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a white, crystalline solid that serves as a basic salt and a source of sodium ions. Na2CO3 is widely utilized in various laboratory applications due to its chemical properties and versatility.
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Lab products found in correlation
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Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (40 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu reagent, by Merck Group (39 mentions)
Nahco3, by Merck Group (36 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (28 mentions)
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Ethanol, by Merck Group (22 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Caco3, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Nano2, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Folin ciocalteu, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Na2hpo4, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Na2so4, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
H2so4, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
363 protocols using na2co3
1
Silk Protein Extraction and Purification
2
Synthesis of Cerium-Doped Calcium Carbonate
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Briefly, 0.53 g of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in 50 mL ddH2O to make 0.1 M Na2CO3 solution. Secondly, 40 g/L of PVA (Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.618 mL Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich) were mixed with Na2CO3 solution, and then added into 50 mL ddH2O as Solution A. After that, 1.18 g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in 50 mL ddH2O to make 0.1 M Ca(NO3)2·4H2O solution. Next, 0.217 g of Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, Alfa, Ward Hill, MA, USA) was mixed with Ca(NO3)2·4H2O solution, and then added into 50 mL ddH2O as Solution B. Afterwards, Solution B was rapidly poured into Solution A and stirred at room temperature for 1 h to obtain the mixture. The mixture was added drop wise to 100 mL hexane (Sigma-Aldrich), and then rinsed with ethanol. The sample was dried in an oven and calcined at 325 °C for 2 h.
3
Silk Protein Purification and Characterization
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Silk protein solution was prepared by established purification protocols. The sericin of bombyx moray cocoons was removed by boiling for 60 min in aqueous 0.02 m Na2CO3 (Sigma‐Aldrich, USA) and then the Na2CO3 was washed away with a 3 × 30 rinse process in distilled water. The degummed cocoons were dried in fume hood formore than 12 h and then were dissolved in 9.3 m LiBr (Sigma Aldrich, USA) solution at 60 °C for 4 h. The degummed cocoons solution with residual LrBr was dialyzed for 2 d in distilled water using Slide a Lyzer dialysis cassettes (molecular weight cut off (MWCO) 3500, Pierce, USA) and then centrifuged for 2 × 20 min at 18000 r.p.m. The concentration of silk protein solution was determined by measuring the final dried weight of a specific volume of solution.
4
Silk Fibroin Protein Extraction Protocol
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Silkworm silk fibroin proteins were prepared using established purification protocols.[34 , 35 ] Bombyx mori cocoons were boiled for 30 min in aqueous 0.02 m Na2CO3 (Sigma‐Aldrich, USA), then rinsed for 3 × 30 min in distilled water to remove Na2CO3 and sericin. Degummed cocoons were allowed to dry for more than 12 h and subsequently dissolved in 9.3 m LiBr (Sigma‐Aldrich, USA) solution at 60 °C for 4 h. The solution was dialyzed for 2 d in distilled water using Slide‐A‐Lyzer dialysis cassettes (Molecular weight cut‐off, MWCO 3500, Pierce, USA). The solution was centrifuged for 2 × 20 min at 18 000 rpm. The concentration was determined by measuring the volume of solution and the final dried weight.
5
Extraction and Purification of Silk Fibroin
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Silk fibroin was obtained from bombyx mori silk cocoons sourced from HaiNan Medical University (Hainan, China) following a previously reported protocol.41 (link) Briefly, 10 g silkworm cocoons was cut into pieces and added to 2.0 L boiling aqueous solution of 0.02 M sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) (Sigma-Aldrich) to remove sericin for 1 h, and new Na2CO3 solution was added gradually as it boiled. Silk fibers were obtained after being thoroughly rinsed with deionized water and dried completely in a 65°C oven. The degummed silk fibers were dissolved in 9.3 M lithium bromide (LiBr, Sigma-Aldrich) solution at 60°C overnight. After that, the solutions were dialyzed with a cellulose dialysis membrane (7000 Mw, Thermo, USA) for 72 h to obtain a pure aqueous silk solution and then centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 15 min to remove impurities. The obtained SF solution was frozen at −80°C for 4–6 h and then lyophilized to obtain an SF sponge.
6
Silk Fibroin Purification from Bombyx mori
7
Synthesis of NMNO and NTMNO Cathodes
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Na2/3[Mn6/9Ni3/9]O2 (NMNO) and Na2/3[Ti1/9Mn5/9Ni3/9]O2 (NTMNO) were synthesized by the coprecipitation method. For the precursor solution, Mn(NO3)2∙6H2O (98%, Aldrich) and Ni(NO3)2∙6H2O (98%, Aldrich) were mixed in deionized water. The molar ratio of the precursor solution was n(Mn):n(Ni) = 2:1 for NMNO and n(Mn):n(Ni) = 5:3 for NTMNO. The mixed solution was dropped into 0.3 mol of NH4HCO3 solution and then 1 mol L−1 Na2CO3 (98%; Aldrich) was added. The solutions stirred at 600 rpm for 6 h at 90 °C. Then the precipitated particles were centrifuged and washed with DI water and ethanol several times, and then dried in a vacuum oven at 120 °C for 6 h. Obtained transition metal carbonates were mixed with Na2CO3 (98%; 2 wt% excess; Aldrich). Also TiO2 (98%, Aldrich) was added for Ti‐doping. The mixtures were sintered at 550 °C for 5 h then 900 °C for 12 h and finally cooled to room temperature.
8
Determination of Total Phenolic Content
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The total phenolic content of OA extract was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method. In brief, 1000 μl of a 50% Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and 158 μl of distilled water were mixed with 20 μl of the tested substances (OA extract and gallic acid) and incubated at 37°C for 8 minutes. At the end of the incubation period, 30 μl of 20% Na2CO3 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was added, mixed, and incubated at room temperature in the dark room for 2 hours. Then, the absorbance at 765 nm was recorded. Results were expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg per 0.1 g of OA extract. Various concentrations of gallic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) ranging from 0 to 500 μg/ml were used to prepare the standard calibration curve [26 (link)].
9
Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Mulberry Extract
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The total phenolic compound content of the encapsulated mulberry extract was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method in microplate reader (iMark™ Microplate Absorbance Reader) [12 , 13 (link)]. A 20 μl of the extract was mixed with 158 μl of distilled water and 20 μl of 50% v/v Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) which was freshly prepared. The mixture was incubated for 8 minutes. Then, 30 μl of 20% Na2CO3 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) was added and subjected to a 2-hour incubation period at room temperature in a dark room. The absorbance was measured at 765 nm. Result was expressed as mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/mg microencapsulated mulberry extract. Various concentrations of gallic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) were used as a standard calibration curve.
10
Quantification of Total Phenolic Content
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The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined according to the method described previously with slight modifications [59 (link)]. After mixing 2N Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and distilled water at a ratio of 1:2, 10 µL of the mixture and 10 µL of sample were mixed and left in the dark for 3 min. Then, 150 µL of 20% Na2CO3 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added and reacted in the dark for 1 h, and absorbance was measured at 750 nm using a microplate reader (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). The concentration of TPC in the samples was obtained by substituting the measured absorbance into a standard calibration curve prepared using gallic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) as a standard material. The results were the averages of triplicate samples.
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