Mq10 nmr analyzer

Body mass was measured weekly for 8 weeks using mq10 NMR analyzer (Bruker Optics Inc., Billerica, MA) following 2 h of fasting31 (link). Fat and muscle mass were calculated in grams.

The PPARγ-tTA and TRE-Cre mice were maintained as described and used to generate controls and CSNK1a1 loss-of-function mutants. CSNK1a1 conditional knockout mice (loxP sites flank exon 3) were provided by Benjamin Ebert, Harvard University. Mice were fed normal chow (4% fat, Teklad). Sample size was chosen as needed for statistical significance by a two-tailed Student's t-test. Control and mutant male mice were analysed for glucose levels at 5 weeks, 10 weeks and 3.5 months of age. Fed blood glucose was measured at the end of the light cycle, between 17:00 and 18:00 hours, using a standard glucometer (Contour). For GTTs, 1.25 mg glucose per 1 g mouse weight was injected intraperitoneally after a 5–6-h daytime fast; blood glucose levels were measured at the indicated times. Fat content was measured using a minispec mq10 NMR Analyzer (Bruker) at the UT Southwestern Medical Center Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Core (MMPC). Necropsies were performed on male mice ⩾3.5 months of age. Plasma triglyceride and hormone tests were also done at the UTSW MMPC. Veterinary care was provided by the Division of Comparative Medicine. Animals were maintained under the UT Southwestern Medical Center Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines according to current NIH guidelines under animal protocol 2010-0015.

Mice expressing a simian CETP gene under control of a constitutive promoter on a C57B/6 background were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (C57BL/6-Tg(CETP)1Pnu/J, Stock Number: 001929) [11 (link), 12 (link)]. Because of our previous observations that female CETP mice show increased glycolysis [10 (link)] and the sexual dimorphism in CETP’s effect on metabolism in humans [14 (link), 15 (link)], only female mice were included in the study. At 12 weeks of age, animals were placed on a high fat diet consisting of 60% fat from lard and carbohydrate content comprised of cornstarch (Research Diets D08060104) as previously described [10 (link)]. Body composition was determined using a mq10 NMR analyzer (Bruker Optics) located at the Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center. All procedures were performed in accordance with National Institutes of Health Guidelines for the Care and Use of animals and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Vanderbilt University.
Euthanasia of mice was performed by carbon dioxide overdose or cervical dislocation under anesthesia. Death was ensured by secondary physical method.

Metabolic measurements were obtained continuously using TSE metabolic chambers (TSE Labmaster System, Germany) in an open-circuit indirect calorimetry system. Data were normalized to lean body mass as determined using a Bruker MQ10 NMR analyzer.

Body mass was measured using mq10 NMR analyzer (Bruker Optics Inc., Billerica, MA) following 2 h of fasting. Fat and muscle mass were calculated in grams.