For stemness marker expression, cells were collected, washed with PBS, fixed and permeabilized where necessary using a Fix and Perm solution (BD Biosciences) for 20 min at room temperature. After washing, samples were stained with primary antibodies against SOX2-AlexaFluor488 (245,610, mouse IgG2a, BD), Nanog-Alexa Fluor488 (N31–355, mouse IgG1k, BD), Oct-3/4-PE (40/OCT3, mouse IgG1k, BD), CD117-PE (104D2, mouse, IgG1k, BD), O4-PE (O4, mouse, IgGM, R&D systems), and corresponding isotype matched controls against CD3 Alexa Fluor 488 (UCTHT1, IgG1k, BD Biosciences), CD4-PE (L200, IgG1k, BD Biosciences) IgM-PE (Goat Anti-Mouse, R&D systems), IgG2A-APC (Mouse, R&D systems). Data were analyzed using AccuriC6 (BD).
Cell cycle analysis was performed on NB-MSCs and BM-MSCs, using 50 μg/ml propidium iodide (Sigma-Aldrich) in 0.1% sodium citrate (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1% Triton X-100, 10 μg/ml RNAse (Sigma-Aldrich) containing-buffer, after overnight incubation at 4 °C and measured by flow cytometry. Data were analyzed with FlowJo software (Tree Star).