With the patient in the supine position, plain and two-phase (arterial and portal vein phases) iodinated contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained in a craniocaudal direction using either of two scanners, namely the Sensation 16 CT or Somatom Definition dual-source CT (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). Routine scanning was conducted at an 8-mm section thickness and a 5-mm scan increment; scans were reconstructed with a 2-mm thickness using an appropriate algorithm. A dual-syringe injector system (Medrad Medical Equipment Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) was used to intravenously administer 100 ml non-ionic contrast media (Ultravist; 370 mgI/ml; Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany) at a rate of 3 ml/sec, followed by a 20–30-ml saline chaser bolus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were acquired using a Magnetom Trio 3.0T scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions). Routine scanning of transverse sections was performed with T2-weighted fast spin-echo sequences, two-dimensional gradient echo in the axial plane, and T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo without fat saturation. A three-dimensional gradient echo sequence (VIBE) with fat saturation was performed prior to and following the intravenous bolus administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist; Schering, Berlin, Germany) at a dose of 0.1 mmol/kg.
Magnetom trio 3.0t scanner
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany
The Magnetom Trio 3.0T scanner is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system manufactured by Siemens. It operates at a magnetic field strength of 3.0 Tesla, which allows for high-quality imaging of the human body. The Magnetom Trio 3.0T scanner is designed to capture detailed images of anatomical structures and physiological processes within the body.
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7 protocols using magnetom trio 3.0t scanner
1
Contrast-Enhanced CT and MRI Imaging Protocol
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Resting-State fMRI Connectivity Analysis
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MRI scans were obtained on a Magnetom Trio 3.0T scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). Functional images were acquired using a gradient echo T2-weighted pulse sequence with TR = 2000 ms, TE = 30 ms, matrix = 64 × 64, field of view (FOV) = 240 mm × 240 mm, slice thickness = 4 mm, and flip angle (FA) = 90°. Each functional resting-state scan lasted 7 min, and 210 volumes were collected.
Functional connectivity analysis was performed with REST as described previously.12 (link) The representative time series of each region was estimated by averaging the fMRI time series over all voxels in the region. The model goodness criteria were the Pearson’s correlation coefficient as well as the mean absolute error (MAE) between the real and estimated MoCA scores.
Functional connectivity analysis was performed with REST as described previously.12 (link) The representative time series of each region was estimated by averaging the fMRI time series over all voxels in the region. The model goodness criteria were the Pearson’s correlation coefficient as well as the mean absolute error (MAE) between the real and estimated MoCA scores.
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Multisite Whole-Brain fMRI Imaging
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Whole-Head MRI Imaging Protocols
5
MRI-based Tumor Segmentation Protocol
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The feature extraction in the current study followed the Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative (IBSI) guideline (21 (link)). T2-weighted images were obtained on a Magnetom Trio 3.0T scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 12-channel receive-only head coil. The parameters were set as follows: repetition time = 5,800 ms; echo time = 110 ms; flip angle = 150 degrees; 24 slices; field of view = 240 × 188 mm2; voxel size = 0.6 × 0.6 × 5.0 mm3; matrix = 384 × 300. Tumors were semi-automatically segmented along the lesion contour on each patient's T2-weighted images in native space by at least two experienced neuroradiologists using the ITK-SNAP software (v 3.6.0; www.itksnap.org ), while two other board-certified experts reviewed the segmentations using imaging features in combination with seizure history, clinical examination, neuroimaging data to solve any discrepancies. The areas with abnormal hyperintense signals on the images were identified as tumor volumes, and the cerebrospinal fluid signals should not be involved in. When the concordance between the tumor masks of one patient identified by the two neuroradiologists was higher than 95%, the tumor masks were combined.
6
MRI-Based Segmentation of Low-Grade Gliomas
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MRI scans were obtained on a Magnetom Trio 3.0T scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) using a 12-channel receive-only head coil. The T2-weighted image parameters were as follows: repetition time = 5800 ms; echo time = 110 ms; flip angle = 150 degrees; 24 slices; field of view = 240 × 188 mm2; voxel size = 0.6× 0.6 × 5.0 mm3; matrix = 384 × 300. Tumors were traced directly on the brain MRIs using MRIcron (http://www.mccauslandcenter.sc.edu/mricro/mricron ). Masks of the brain tumors were drawn on each patient's T2-weighted images in native space by two board-certified neuroradiologists, which were blinded to the patients' clinical information. Areas that produced abnormally hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images were identified as LGG tumor areas. The tumor masks were combined when there was less than a 5% discrepancy between the individual masks identified by the two neuroradiologists. When a >5% discrepancy existed between these two masks, the masks utilized were determined by a senior neuroradiologist.
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Glioma Segmentation on 3T MRI
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All MRI examinations were performed using a Magnetom Trio 3.0 T scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a 12-channel receive-only head coil scan acquisition. The T2WI parameters were as follows: repetition time (TR), 5,800 ms; echo time (TE), 110 ms; flip angle, 150°; the field of view (FOV), 240 × 188 mm2; voxel size, 0.6 × 0.6 × 5.0 mm3; and matrix, 384 × 300. The MRI data were stored in DICOM format.
Regions of interest (ROIs) of the gliomas were drawn by two neuroradiologists with more than 5 years of clinical experience with ITK-snap (www.itksnap.org ). The neuroradiologists were blinded to each other's results. Gliomas were segmented on each MRI slice. We defined ROIs of the LGGs as areas of the MRI images that exhibited abnormal hyperintense signals. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess whether the segmentation results of the two doctors were significantly different. No difference was defined as ICC >0.8. In the absence of a difference, each patient would obtain a segmentation result from one of the two neuroradiologists randomly.
Regions of interest (ROIs) of the gliomas were drawn by two neuroradiologists with more than 5 years of clinical experience with ITK-snap (
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