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Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide mtt

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Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) is a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity. It is a yellow tetrazolium salt that is reduced to a purple formazan product by metabolically active cells, which can be quantified spectrophotometrically.

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9 protocols using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide mtt

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Biomimetic Hydrogels

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2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DPA) (97%), Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEG-acrylate) (Mn 480), and ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co., Ltd. Polyethylene Glycol dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) was obtained from TCI (Shanghai) Development Co., Ltd. β-propiolactone was from J&K Scientific Ltd. RGD was purchased from GL Biochem (Shanghai) Ltd. 1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DID) was obtained from Tianjin Biolite Biotech Co., Ltd. Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from PAN Seratech. Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM) and Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) were obtained from Shijiazhuang Hongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from VWR Life Science. AF488-WGA and Hoechst 33342 were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific. All reagents were used as received without further purification.
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2

Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Hippocampus abdominalis

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Hippocampus abdominalis (H. abdominalis) were obtained from the Centre for Ornamental, Reef, and Aquarium at Jeju Island, South Korea. Commercial food-grade alcalase (EC 3.4.21.62) was purchased from Novozyme (Bagsvaerd, Copenhagen, Denmark). Cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; catalog number 12430-054), fetal bovine serum (FBS; catalog number 16000-044), penicillin/streptomycin (P/S; catalog number 15140-122), and trypsin-EDTA (catalog number 15400-054) obtained from GIBCO-BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT; catalog number 0793) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; catalog number 0231) were purchased from VWR Life Science (Lutterworth, UK). Cell culture plates were purchased from SPL Life Sciences (Pocheon, South Korea). The primary antibodies, p-eNOS (catalog number 9571S) and p-AKT (catalog number 9271), were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Bedford, MA, USA). GAPDH (catalog number sc-66163) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (catalog number sc-516102) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The ECLTM anti-rabbit IgG HRP-linked whole secondary antibodies were purchased from GE Healthcare (NA934V, GE Health, Buckinghamshire, UK).
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3

Telomerase Immortalized hMEC Signaling

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Telomerase immortalized hMEC were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA). The primary antibodies for TSP-1, phospho-AktS473, panAkt, phospho-Erk1/2, phospho-P38 MAPK, NFκB p65, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9 and GADPH were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA). NFκB p65 SiRNA was purchased from SA Biosciences (Frederick, MD). Piceatannol and TSP-1 ELISA kit was purchased from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN). TNFα was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH).
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4

Estrogen-Receptor Activation Assay

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Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), 17β-E2, and dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) were purchased from Sigma, USA. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), fetal calf serum (FCS), antibiotic-antimycotic, and l-glutamine were obtained from Gibco, USA. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium: Nutrient Mixture F-12 (DMEM/F-12) was sourced from Nacalai Tesque, Japan. Glabridin was purchased from Wako, Japan. Phosphate-buffered saline was from OXOID, Lenexa, KS, USA. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Amresco, USA. Premarin was obtained from Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, USA. Receptor cofactor assay was purchased from Cosmo Bio Co., Ltd, Japan. All other chemicals were purchased from Merck, Germany.
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5

Evaluating Apoptosis Induction in Cells

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Lipofectamine® RNAiMAX, Annexin‐V, and propidium iodide were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). X‐tremeGENE 9 DNA Transfection Reagent was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN, USA). iTAQ and SYBR® Green master mix master mix was purchased from Bio‐Rad (Hercules, CA, USA). CHK1/2 inhibitor AZD7762 was purchased from sSelleckchem (Houston, TX, USA). Doxorubicin hydrochloride and cycloheximide were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). D‐Erythro‐sphingosine (C17 base) was purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). SKi‐II (4‐[4‐(4‐chloro‐phenyl)‐thiazol‐2‐ylamino]‐phenol) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).
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6

Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Cell Lines

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RPMI 1640 medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from North China Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China). NCTC clone 929 (L cell, L-929, derivative of Strain L) was obtained from the Cell bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and phenol were of analytical grade. Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from AMRESCO (Houston, Texas, USA). Deionized water was prepared in our own laboratory.
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7

Synthesis of DCPT Photosensitizer

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CPT was procured from Dalian Meilun Biology Technology Co., Ltd (Liaoning, China) and used to synthesize DCPT as per our previous report without any modifications [18 (link), 22 (link)]. Phenylalanine (Phe), 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-ε-Cbz-L-lysine, and 1-hydroxy-2,5-pyrrolidinedione (NHS) were bought from GL Biochem Ltd (Shanghai, China). Ce6 was provided by Frontier Scientific (Utah, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) was purchased from Damao (Tianjin, China). Hydrogen bromide in acetic acid (33 wt%) and bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate were supplied by J & K Scientific Ltd (Beijing, China). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Amresco (Solon, Ohio, USA). PEG6000 were obtained from JenKem Technology Company (Beijing, China). DAPI were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology (Jiangsu, China).
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8

Investigating T-2 and HT-2 Toxin Cytotoxicity

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Fetal bovine serum (FBS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and Hoechst 33258 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). The T-2 and HT-2 toxins were purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd (Beijing, China). The thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). The malondialdehyde (MDA) kit and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit were purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). The Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Protein Assay kit was purchased from TianGen Biotech (Beijing, China). Anti-Bax, anti-Caspase 9, anti-Caspase 3, and anti-Beclin1 antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA).
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9

Oxidative Stress and Autophagy Modulation

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OXT, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Hoechst 33342, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA), and actin antibodies were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). Acridine orange was purchased from Invitrogen (Madison, WI, USA). Antibody against Atg5 (C-term) was purchased from Abgent (San Diego, CA, USA). Antibodies against beclin-1, Atg7, LC3, p62, and phosphorylated Nrf2 (phospho-Nrf2) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibody against TATA-binding protein (TBP) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Antibody against Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) was purchased from Biodesign International (Saco, ME, USA). All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade.
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