STZ-induced T1D mice were generated as previously described.9 (link) In brief, STZ (Cat #S0130, Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, Missouri) was dissolved in 0.05 M sodium citrate buffer and intraperitoneally injected into male C57BL/6J mice (4–5 weeks old) at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight (mpk) daily for 5 days. After STZ injection, these mice were housed in the pathogen-free vivarium for 14–48 days and blood glucose levels were measured using a glucometer as described in Lan et al.8 (link) Serum insulin levels in these mice at 48 days post-intraperitoneal STZ treatment were also determined using Thermo Fisher Scientific’s Mouse Insulin ELISA-Kit (Cat #EMINS), according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
Streptozotocin (stz)
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
Streptozotocin is a chemical compound used in laboratory research. It is a naturally occurring substance that has been shown to selectively destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Streptozotocin is commonly used in animal models to induce diabetes for research purposes.
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Lab products found in correlation
Streptozotocin (stz), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Sodium nitroprusside snp, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Indomethacin indo, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tcs401, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L name n γ nitro l arginine methyl ester, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Thapsigargin thapsi, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Tempol, by Enzo Life Sciences (2 mentions)
Sb203580, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Tamoxifen, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sp600125, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tunicamycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Peg catalase, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Mouse insulin elisa kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sytox blue, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
A1r confocal microscope, by Nikon (1 mentions)
Freestyle lite, by Abbott (1 mentions)
3 5 dinitrosalicylic acid dnsa, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Carlo Erba (1 mentions)
15 protocols using streptozotocin (stz)
1
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model
2
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Model
3
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model
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The animals were housed in cages for 1 week before the start of the diabetes induction procedure. A single dose of 60 mg.kg− 1 of streptozotocin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in a 0.5 M sodium citrate buffer solution at a pH of 4.5 (Alfa Aesar Citrate, Fischer Scientific, Hampton, New Hampshire, USA) was administered through intraperitoneal injection [21 (link)].
In this experiment, 1 ml syringes (26G) were used for the intraperitoneal injection of the streptozotocin buffer solution 12 h after food withdrawal (the animals continued to receive free access to water during this fasting period). As previous protocols have established, the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin triggers minimal pain and therefore does not require anesthesia [22 (link)].
Fifteen days after induction, each animal’s weight and blood glucose levels were monitored periodically. Diabetes was confirmed by measuring blood glucose from a blood sample from the caudal vein with glucometer (Free Style Lite, Abbott, Chicago, Illinois, USA) 8 h after fasting. Diabetes was diagnosed if blood glucose was greater than or equal to 200 mg.dl− 1. Forty-eight diabetic animals were included in the study and randomly divided into the experimental nicergoline group (n = 24) and the placebo control group (n = 24).
In this experiment, 1 ml syringes (26G) were used for the intraperitoneal injection of the streptozotocin buffer solution 12 h after food withdrawal (the animals continued to receive free access to water during this fasting period). As previous protocols have established, the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin triggers minimal pain and therefore does not require anesthesia [22 (link)].
Fifteen days after induction, each animal’s weight and blood glucose levels were monitored periodically. Diabetes was confirmed by measuring blood glucose from a blood sample from the caudal vein with glucometer (Free Style Lite, Abbott, Chicago, Illinois, USA) 8 h after fasting. Diabetes was diagnosed if blood glucose was greater than or equal to 200 mg.dl− 1. Forty-eight diabetic animals were included in the study and randomly divided into the experimental nicergoline group (n = 24) and the placebo control group (n = 24).
4
Evaluating Antidiabetic Potential of Compounds
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The chemicals, solvents and drugs used to conduct this experiment were analytical grade. Streptozotocin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA), Glibenclamide active powder (Thermo Fisher Scientific), citric acid (Loba Chemie Ltd, India), methanol (Carlo Erba Reagents, Val-de-Reuil, France), ethyl acetate (Carlo Erba Reagents), n-butanol (Carlo Erba Reagents), dimethyl sulfoxide (UNI-CHEM chemical reagents, UK), chloroform (Labort Fine Chem Pvt. Ltd, Surat, Gujarat, India), n-hexane (Blulux Laboratories Ltd, Faridabad, Haryana, India), glucometer, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) (Sigma-Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA), and Accu-Check® Active glucometer test strips (Hoffman-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland) were used to carry out the experiment.
5
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Protocol
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Glibenclamide was obtained from UFC Biotechnology (Buffalo, NY, USA). Streptozotocin was obtained from Thermo Fisher (Kandel) (GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany). All drugs were stored at the recommended temperature (below 20 °C). Carboxymethyl cellulose was obtained from Loba Chemicals (Mumbai, India). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was obtained from Hoefer Inc. (San Francisco, USA).
6
Pharmacological Modulation of Cellular Processes
7
Pharmacological Modulation of Cellular Processes
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Acetylcholine (ACh, #A6625), indomethacin (indo, #I8280), PEG-catalase (cat, #C4963), sodium nitroprusside (SNP, #71778), SP600125 (#S5567), tamoxifen (#T5648) and TCS401 (#SML2140) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, US). l -NAME (N(γ)-nitro-l -arginine methyl ester, #06-651-00), phenylephrine (#18-605-133), SB203580 (#12-021-0), streptozotocin (#57-220-1), thapsigargin (Thapsi, #50-464-293), Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA, #NC1266953), and tunicamycin (Tunica, #35-161-0) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, US). Tempol (#ALX-430-081-G001) was purchased from Enzo life sciences (Farmingdale, NY, YS).
8
Ketogenic Diet Effects on Diabetic Rats
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A total of thirty Sprague Dawley male rats, purchased at 12 weeks of age from the Experimental Animal Center of Southern Medical University, were randomly divided into three groups: the sham group, the diabetes mellitus (DM) group, and the ketogenic diet (KD) group. The rats in the DM group were injected intravenously with streptozotocin (STZ; Fisher Scientific) at the dose of 50 mg/kg (10 (link)), while the rats in the KD group were fed with the ketogenic diet (Jielikang Inc., Shenzhen, China), which containing a ratio of fat to carbohydrate and protein of 3:1. All rats were kept in a wire hanging cage with a 12-h light–dark cycle, and a constant temperature of 25°C and humidity of 48%. And they had free access to food and water during the entire experiment.
9
Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Rats
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Sprague Dawley male rats (7 weeks old; weighting; 180–220 g) were purchased from TBRI. Rats were intravenously injected with 65 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ, Sigma, MA, USA) [32.5 mg of STZ dissolved in 50 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH: 4.5, Fisher)] according to Furman [28 (link)]. Animals were fasted for six to eight hours before STZ administration. On the 1st day after injection, rats were provided with normal diet and 10% sucrose solution. Rats with fasting blood glucose (FBG) level˃ 200 mg/dl were considered diabetic.
10
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model
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Male mice C57BL/6J, 8–10 weeks of age, were fasted prior to STZ (Fisher Scientific) administration for 4 h. A solution of 22.5 mg/ml STZ in sodium citrate buffer was prepared fresh before each injection. Mice were weighted and the appropriate volume of STZ-citrate solution was injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) in each mouse, so that the final dose was 150 mg STZ/Kg mouse. STZ-treated mice were supplied with 10% sucrose in water overnight to protect against sudden hypoglycemia. Glucose levels were measured 2 days after STZ administration and then monitored closely for 2 and 4 weeks, using AlphaTrak glucose meter and strips, specially calibrated for mice (Abbot). Mice became diabetic (blood glucose levels above 400 mg/dl) 2–4 days post STZ injection. Diabetic mice received daily subcutaneaous injections of insulin. At 4-weeks post STZ administration, diabetic and control mice were treated with the angiotensin II inhibitor Lozartan for the 14 days duration of the wound healing experiment. Losartan was obtained as pills from the pharmacy, crushed, dissolved in PBS and administered by oral gavage, to control and diabetic mice, daily, at a concentration of 10 mg/Kg.
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