The following compounds were dissolved in artificial CSF (aCSF; in mM: 120 NaCl, 3 KCl, 2 CaCl, 2 MgCl, 23 NaHCO3, 10 glucose bubbled with 95%O2/5%CO2 pH 7.4): myristoylated ζ-pseudosubstrate inhibitory peptide (PKCζ-PS; 2 mg/ml; Tocris Bioscience), myristoylated scrambled ζ-pseudosubstrate peptide (scrPKCζ-PS; 2 mg/ml; Tocris Bioscience), soluble TNFα receptor 1 (sTNFR1; .1μg/μl; R&D Systems), procaine (20%; Sigma-Aldrich). For all intrathecal compounds, the total injection volume was 10μl, delivered in 1–2 μl boluses over 2 min. Vehicle treated rats received equivalent volumes of intrathecal aCSF.
Procaine
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Procaine is a laboratory reagent used in various analytical and experimental applications. It serves as a local anesthetic, numbing sensation in targeted areas. This product is intended for research use only and not for human or animal use.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Lidocaine, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Bupivacaine, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Heparin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tetracaine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diltiazem, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phenacetin, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Paracetamol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Benzocaine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Quinine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Acetaminophen, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Caffeine, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Stnfr1, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)
Lc ms grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate nadph, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pfastbac dual vector, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bac to bac baculovirus expression system, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Milli q a10 system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
23 protocols using procaine
1
Intrathecal Compound Administration for Neurological Studies
2
In Vitro Metabolite Formation Assay
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Lidocaine was obtained from Shanghai Canspec Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd (Perfemiker, Shanghai, China) and its metabolite MEGX was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and procaine (internal standard) were obtained from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). Cytochrome b5 microsomes were kind gifts from Beijing Hospital.24 (link)
Spodoptera frugiperda 21 (Sf21) insect cells, fetal bovine serum, Sf-900™ III SFM insect culture medium, pFastBac Dual vector and Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The CORTECS® ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)® hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)® column (2.1×50 mm, 1.6 µM) was obtained from the Waters (Dublin, Ireland). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade organic solvents and LC-MS grade acetonitrile were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was freshly purified by a Milli-Q A10 System (Milli-pore, Billerica, MA, USA). Formic acid (FA, 98% purity) of LC-MS grade was from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). All the other chemicals and solvents used were of the analytical grade commercially available.
Spodoptera frugiperda 21 (Sf21) insect cells, fetal bovine serum, Sf-900™ III SFM insect culture medium, pFastBac Dual vector and Bac-to-Bac Baculovirus Expression System were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). The CORTECS® ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)® hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)® column (2.1×50 mm, 1.6 µM) was obtained from the Waters (Dublin, Ireland). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade organic solvents and LC-MS grade acetonitrile were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was freshly purified by a Milli-Q A10 System (Milli-pore, Billerica, MA, USA). Formic acid (FA, 98% purity) of LC-MS grade was from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). All the other chemicals and solvents used were of the analytical grade commercially available.
3
Signaling Pathway Profiling in Cell Culture
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Procaine, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Alexa Fluor® 488 donkey anti-mouse IgG (H+L) antibody and Fluor® 594 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) antibody were obtained from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). iN-fect™ in vitro Transfection Reagent was obtained from iNtRON Biotechnology (Seongnam, Korea). Antibodies against MnSOD, Fibronectin, Vimentin, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Occludin, Twist, MMP-2, MMP-9, Akt, and β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against Snail, p-c-Met(Tyr1234/1236), c-Met, p-PI3K(Tyr458), PI3K, p-Akt(Ser473), p-mTOR(Ser2448), mTOR, p-MEK(Ser217/221), MEK, p-ERK(Thr202/Tyr204), and ERK were procured from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).
4
Transcardial Perfusion and Paraffin Embedding
5
Biochemical Reagents and Compounds Protocol
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Eugenol (purity=99%), ryanodine, BDM, procaine, MgATP, disodium phosphocreatine,
EGTA, imidazole, methanesulfonic acid, calcium chloride, and creatine kinase were
purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). All other reagents were analytical grade and
were purchased from Merck (Germany).
EGTA, imidazole, methanesulfonic acid, calcium chloride, and creatine kinase were
purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (USA). All other reagents were analytical grade and
were purchased from Merck (Germany).
6
Autophagy Regulation in Cell Cultures
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Bupivacaine, lidocaine, procaine, tetracaine and primary antibody for α‐Tubulin were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ropivacaine was from Meilun Bioteck (Dalian, China). Primary antibodies for LC3, p62, beclin‐1, mTOR, phospho‐mTOR (p‐mTOR), p70S6K and phospho‐p70S6K (p‐p70S6K), tuberin and phosphor‐tuberin (p‐tuberin) were from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA). Bafilomycin A1 was from Calbiochem (San Diego, CA, USA). MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] reagent was from Bio Besic, Inc (Markham, ON, Canada). Lipofectamine 2000® reagent was from Life Technologies. BCA protein assay kit and supersignal west pico chemiluminescent substrate were obtained from Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA). siRNA of beclin‐1 was synthesized by GenePharma (Shanghai, China).
7
Sperm Activation Inhibitors in Eggs
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Diltiazem and Verapamil were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and dissolved in distilled water. Both inhibitors were used to incubate the eggs at the final concentration of 10, 50 and 100 µM for 40 minutes before spermatozoa were added. Urethane and procaine (Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in the FSW. Eggs exposed to 400 mM Urethane for 5 minutes were transferred to FSW and incubated for 5 minutes before insemination. In the case of procaine (10 mM final concentration), eggs were treated for 20 minutes and then transferred to FSW and immediately inseminated. The treatment with the NH4Cl was for 30 minutes at the final concentration of 40 mM (pH 9.0), after which the eggs were transferred to FSW and then fertilized.
8
Electrochemical Analysis of Cocaine in Street Samples
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The cocaine·HCl standard was purchased from Lipomed (Arlesheim, Switzerland). Standards of phenacetin, diltiazem, lidocaine, procaine, hydroxyzine, benzocaine, paracetamol and myo-inositol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Diegem, Belgium). Standards of benzoic acid and levamisole were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Standards of caffeine, boric acid, glucose, maltose and starch were purchased from VWR Chemicals (Leuven, Belgium) and a standard of d -sorbitol was purchased from Merck Chemicals KGaA (Overijse, Belgium). Authentic cocaine street samples were obtained from the National Institute for Criminalistics and Criminology (Brussels, Belgium). Gelatine gel B was supplied by PB gelatins (United Kingdom). Carbon ItalSens IS-C Screen Printed Electrodes (SPE) were purchased from PalmSens (Utrecht, The Netherlands) and were used during all electrochemical measurements. The electrode surface area is 7.07 mm2. All laboratorium-based electrochemical measurements were performed using a Metrohm μAutolab III Potentiostat and NOVA 1.11 software.
9
Preparation of Analytical Standards
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All the reagents were of analytical grade and purity ≥ 97%. Gold bromide, COC hydrochloride, AMP sulfate, MET hydrochloride, EPH hydrochloride, SCP hydrobromide and procaine were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium hydroxide was supplied by Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Paracetamol and caffeine were purchased from Guinama (Alboraya, Spain).
Stock solutions of the compounds assayed at a concentration of 1000 ppm were prepared by dissolving the pure reagents in water. The stock solutions were stored in the dark at 4 °C until use. Working solutions were prepared by diluting the stock solutions with ultrapure water. Ultrapure water was obtained from an Adrona system (Riga, Latvia).
Stock solutions of the compounds assayed at a concentration of 1000 ppm were prepared by dissolving the pure reagents in water. The stock solutions were stored in the dark at 4 °C until use. Working solutions were prepared by diluting the stock solutions with ultrapure water. Ultrapure water was obtained from an Adrona system (Riga, Latvia).
10
Culturing Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines
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The human thyroid carcinoma cell lines 8505C and K1 were purchased from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) and the European Collection of Cell Cultures (ECACC, Salisbury, United Kingdom), respectively. 8505C cells were cultured at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen/Gibco, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). K1 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Gibco) mixed with Ham's F12 (Gibco) and MCDB 105 (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) medium in 2∶1∶1 proportions, supplemented with 10% FBS and 2 mM L-glutamine. Both 8505C and K1 have been authenticated to be unique thyroid cancer cell lines [45] (link). Lidocaine, bupivacaine, procaine, PD98059, SB203580, and SP600125 were obtained from Sigma. Osmolality of the culture media for experiments was analyzed by the freezing point depression method using an Advanced 3320 Micro Osmometer (Advanced Instruments, Norwood, MA).
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