17α estradiol

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Germany

17α-estradiol is a steroid hormone that serves as a laboratory standard for the quantification and identification of estrogens. It is a structural isomer of the naturally occurring estrogen, 17β-estradiol. 17α-estradiol is commonly used in analytical procedures, such as immunoassays and chromatographic techniques, to establish reference values and validate analytical methods.

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Estradiol (242 citations)

6 protocols using 17α estradiol

Anterograde Viral Tracing in Visual Cortex

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HSV-H129 EGFP (strain 772; University of Pittsburgh Center for Neuroanatomy and Neurotropic Viruses (CNNV) and HSV-H129 mCherry (strain 373; CNNV) were diluted 1:1 with diH₂O and 3 μl was injected intraocularly (right eye: mCherry; left eye: EGFP) for anterograde delivery to primary visual cortex. 4′,6-Diamidine-2′-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI, Sigma; 1:10000) was used to visualize cell nuclei. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) were visualized with fluorescein wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA, Vector Labs; 1:1000). 17α-Estradiol (αE2; Sigma Aldrich) was diluted to 15 μg/kg in sesame oil (veh., Sigma Aldrich) and administered subcutaneously (s.c.) to awake subjects.

Sengupta D.C., Lantz C.L., Rumi M.A, & Quinlan E.M. (2019). 17α Estradiol promotes plasticity of spared inputs in the adult amblyopic visual cortex. Scientific Reports, 9, 19040.

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Quantification of PBDEs and OH-PBDEs in Cells

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The 12 PBDEs and 18 OH-PBDEs used in this study are listed in Table 1 (see also Supplemental Material, “The full name of the 12 PBDEs and 18 OH-PBDEs”), and the structures are shown in Figure 1. All PBDEs and OH-PBDEs (solid; purity

greater than 98 percent

) were purchased from AccuStandard and were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to make

10 millimolar

stock solutions.

E sub 2

(purity = 98%),

17 alpha estradiol

(

alpha E sub 2

; purity = 98%), and

17 alpha ethynylestradiol

(

E sub 2 001

; purity = 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. GPER agonist G1 (purity = 98%) and GPER antagonist G15 (purity = 98%) were purchased from Cayman Chemical Company. Calcium indicator fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester (fura-2 AM) and cAMP-Screen^® System were purchased from Invitrogen. All solvents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and were used without further purification.

Cao L.Y., Ren X.M., Yang Y., Wan B., Guo L.H., Chen D, & Fan Y. (2018). Hydroxylated Polybrominated Biphenyl Ethers Exert Estrogenic Effects via Non-Genomic G Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor Mediated Pathways. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(5), 057005.

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Screening Preservatives for Endocrine Disruption

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Preservatives triclocarban (CAS 101-20-2), triclosan (CAS 3380-34-5), bromochlorophene (CAS 15435-29-7), chlorophene (CAS 120-32-1) and climbazole (CAS 38083-17-9) were of 95% or higher purities, as specified by the manufacturer (Tokyo Chemical Industry). Control compounds

5 α -dihydrotestosterone

(DHT; CAS 521-18-6), flutamide (FLU; CAS 13311-84-7), hydroxyflutamide (CAS 52806-53-8),

17 β -estradiol

(E2; CAS 50-28-2),

17 α -estradiol

(CAS 57-91-0), tamoxifen (CAS 10540-29-1), hydroxytamoxifen (CAS 68047-06-3), hydrocortisone (HC; CAS 50-23-7), mifepristone (CAS 84371-65-3; RU-486), dexamethasone (CAS 50-02-2), triiodothyronine (T3; CAS 6893-02-3), and bisphenol A (CAS 80-05-7) were of 97% or higher purities, as specified by the manufacturer (Sigma-Aldrich). Cell culture grade DMSO (CAS 67-68-5) was used as vehicle for chemical formulations for in vitro assays and was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All of the preservatives were first screened for agonist and antagonist activities in vitro at 0.1, 1.0, and

10 μ M

(or lower, as “highest noncytotoxic,” if

10 μ M

showed

> 20 %

cytotoxicity). This was followed by dose-dependence assays over a broader range of concentrations if this initial screening showed endocrine-disrupting effects.

Kenda M., Karas Kuželički N., Iida M., Kojima H, & Sollner Dolenc M. (2020). Triclocarban, Triclosan, Bromochlorophene, Chlorophene, and Climbazole Effects on Nuclear Receptors: An in Silico and in Vitro Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 128(10), 107005.

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Comprehensive LC-MS/MS Steroid Analysis

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Estrone-2,3,4-¹³C₃, BCR576, 17-α-estradiol, E2 (E1024), E1 (E9750 and E1274), desogestrel, etonogestrel, medroxyprogesterone, fulvestrant, tamoxifen, exemestane, and letrozole were from Sigma Aldrich. All estrogen analytes had chemical and isotopic purity greater than 99%. Tam-N-ox, Z-4′Endoxifen, Z-Endoxifen, NDtam, NNDDtam, 4′OHtam, z-α-OHtam, cis-β-OHtam, and 17β-hydroxy exemestane were from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. Z-4OHtam was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. E2 (L03801) was from Alfa Aeser. 17-β-Estradiol-2,3,4-¹³C₃, CRM E075 for E1, and CRM-E060 for E2 were from Cerillant. Methanol, ammonium hydroxide, and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were from VWR. Hexane was from Fischer Scientific.
Steroid-depleted human serum (SDHS) SF236-7 was from BBI Solutions (Crumlin, UK), or was prepared in-house from pooled serum using dextran-coated charcoal. Intralipid was from Fresenius Kabi.

Bertelsen B.E., Kellmann R., Viste K., Bjørnevik A.T., Eikesdal H.P., Lønning P.E., Sagen J.V, & Almås B. (2020). An Ultrasensitive Routine LC-MS/MS Method for Estradiol and Estrone in the Clinically Relevant Sub-Picomolar Range. Journal of the Endocrine Society, 4(6), bvaa047.

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Evaluating Bisphenol A Analogs

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Test chemicals of BPA and its analogs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI, Tokyo, Japan). They were first dissolved in 90% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and then serially diluted to prepare test concentrations. The final concentration of the DMSO in media was 0.1%. The chemical name, abbreviation, structure, CAS number, test concentrations, and vendors are shown in Table 1. The reference chemicals for ERα transactivation assay, 17α-estradiol, and tamoxifen, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and flutamide, 17β-estradiol (E2), corticosterone, and 17α-methyltestosterone were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry.

Lee H., Park J, & Park K. (2023). Mixture Effects of Bisphenol A and Its Structural Analogs on Estrogen Receptor Transcriptional Activation. Toxics, 11(12), 986.

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Bisphenol A Bioactivation Assay

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Bisphenol A (>99%; CAS 80-05-7), BPA sulfate, sodium salt (95%, CAS 847696-37-1), BPF (98%; CAS 620-92-8), BPS (98%; CAS 80-09-1), dithiothreitol (98%; CAS 3483-12-3), resazurin, sodium salt (80%; CAS 62758-13-8), MgCl 2 (≥98%; CAS 7786-30-3), 3 ′ -phosphoadenosine-5 ′phosphosulfate, and dimethyl sulfoxide were all from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 17-β-Estradiol (E2; ≥98%; CAS 50-28-2), 17-α-estradiol (≥98%; CAS 57-91-0), corticosterone (≥98.5%; CAS 50-22-6), and kanamycin solution from Streptomyces kanamyceticus (10 mg/mL; CAS 25389-94-0) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Pooled human liver cytosol (total protein concentration, 20 mg/mL) was from Thermo Fisher Scientific (MA, USA). Methyltestosterone (>98%; CAS 58-18-4) was from Tokyo Chemical Industry (TCI Europe, Belgium). Methanol and acetonitrile were LC-MS grade.

Durcik M., Gramec Skledar D., Tomašič T., Trontelj J, & Peterlin Mašič L. (2022). Last piece in the puzzle of bisphenols BPA, BPS and BPF metabolism: Kinetics of the in vitro sulfation reaction. Chemosphere, 303(Pt 2).

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