Anti urat1

Allopurinol and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). High-fructose corn syrup (90% fructose and 5% glucose) was purchased from Fonen and Fonher Enterprise Co. Ltd. (Tainan, Taiwan). Chrysin, a yellow powder and soluble in 0.5% CMC-Na solution, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), with a purity of ≥ 98%. The ELISA kit of xanthine oxidase (XO) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). The ELISA kit of IL-1β was purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). The rabbit polyclonal anti-ABCG2 and anti-OAT1 were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). The rabbit polyclonal anti-GLUT9 was obtained from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA), and anti-URAT1 was obtained from Proteintech (Rosemont, IL, USA). The mouse polyclonal anti-ASC and β-actin were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The rabbit polyclonal anti-caspase-1 was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), and anti-NLRP3 was obtained from NOVUS Biologicals (Littleton, CO, USA).