Folin ciocalteu phenol reagent

5α-cholestane, 37 standard fatty acid methyl ester mixtures, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, fucosterol, standard polyphenol extract, BSTFA + TMCS, campesterol, squalene, 24-Methylenecycloartan-3β-ol, β-sitosterol, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). All standards had purity ≥ 97%. Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent was purchased from Shanghaiyuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Methanol (LC-MS grade) was purchased from Fisher, USA. Acetonitrile (LC-MS grade) was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Alkaline microcrystalline cellulose, and other chemicals and reagents of analytical grade, were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Silica dioxide and activated clay were purchased from cNPC Konecranes Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China). All the reagents were directly used without further purification.

Muscat Hamburg grapes were purchased from a local market (Urumqi, Xinjiang, China). Pectinase enzyme (BR, 500 U/mg), cellulase enzyme (BR, 500 U/mg), gallic acid (HPLC ≥ 98% B20106-500 mg), and Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent were obtained from Shanghai YuanYe Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Na₂CO₃ (AR 500 g, 99.8%) was obtained from Jiangsu GuoYao Chemical Reagents Company (Beijing, China). Four commercial LAB strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei) were obtained from Shandong Zhongke Jiayi Biotechnology (Shandong, China). The methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from CNW Technologies (New York, NY, USA). The ammonium acetate was obtained from IGMA-ALDRICH (St. Louis, MI, USA). Ethanoic acid was obtained from Fisher Chemical (Hampton, NH, USA). The 2-octanol (≥99.5%) was obtained from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan).