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4 protocols using sc 514583

1

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Mechanosensitive Proteins

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NC cells were cultured on fibronectin-coated coverslips and fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde in PBS for 30 min. Permeabilization was performed with 0.1% Triton X-100 in PBS for 10 min followed by PBS-Tween 0.1% washes. Primary antibodies were incubated for 16 h at 4°C. The following primary antibodies were used: anti-Piezo1 (1:500, ab128245, Abcam); anti-p-paxillin (1:500, pY118, Invitrogen); anti-vinculin (1:300, V9131, Sigma-Aldrich); anti-Rac1-GTP (1:500, sc-514583, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). Alexa fluor Phalloidin (1:500, A12379, Thermo Fisher Scientific); Alexa fluor secondary antibodies (1:500, A11008, A11001, Invitrogen) and Dapi counterstain (20 μg/ml, D9542, Sigma-Aldrich) were incubated for 30 min at 25°C. Imaging was carried out using a Leica TCS SP8 confocal with a 40× lens (HC PL APO 40×/1.30 Oil CS2).
For each experiment, the control and treated samples were manipulated in parallel and following the same staining/imaging conditions. For fluorescence intensity, a background noise subtraction was performed before intensity measurements. The intensity values for each experiment were normalized to the mean of the control.
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2

Regulation of Endothelial Barrier by Rho GTPases

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Rho family small GTPases include three well-characterized membranes, Rho, CDC42, and Rac1, have emerged as key regulators acting antagonistically to regulate endothelial barrier function by influencing both the endothelial actin-based cytoskeleton and the integrity of interendothelial junctions. The protein Rho, CDC42, and Rac was detected by Western blotting in the DDEFL1 siRNA transfection group and siRNA-NC (negative control) transfection group. Wild-type MDA-MB-231 without treatment served as the control group. Western blot was performed as previously mentioned using primary antibodies against Rho (sc-4418, Santa Cruz, 1:500), CDC42 (sc-8401, Santa Cruz, 1:500), and Rac1 (sc-514583, Santa Cruz, 1:100). The mRNA of Rho, CDC42, and Rac1 was detected by qRT-PCR as previously mentioned procedure in the DDEFL1 siRNA transfection group and siRNA-NC (negative control) transfection group. Wild-type MDA-MB-231 without treatment served as the control group.
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3

Rac1 Activation Assay using PAK1-PBD Beads

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PAK1-PBD colored agarose beads (Rac1 Activation Assay Kit, 17-283MSDS, Sigma-Aldrich) was used to measure Rac1 activation. Brie y, 20 ml of PAK1-PBD agarose beads were mixed with 200 mg of sample and incubated at 4°C for 60 minutes, then MgCl 2 was added to terminate the reaction. The treated samples were centrifuged at 12000 rpm at 4°C for 15 minute, and the supernatants was removed. The precipitated complex was then cleaned 3 times with magnesium-containing lysis buffer, and boiled in the sample buffer.. After the proteins were separated by 10% SDS-PAGE, western blot analysis was performed with anti-Rac1 antibody (1:500, sc-514583, Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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4

Hippocampal Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Each gram of hippocampi were homogenized with 30 µl cocktail protease inhibitor (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Germany) and 3 ml RIPA buffer (US Biological, USA). After centrifugation at 12000 rpm (4 •C), the supernatant was collected and stored at -20 •C. BCA assay and spectrophotometry were used to assess the total protein concentration. The supernatant sample (50µg of protein) was separated by 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane (Millipore Inc., Darmstadt, Germany). After blocking with 5% skim milk for 2 hours, the membrane was incubated with primary antibody overnight: Rac1 (1:500, sc-514583, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Tiam1 (1:500, sc-393315, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), α-chimaerin (1:500, sc-365985, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Bcr (1:500, sc-104, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), GluR-1 (1:500, sc-13152, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), Synapsin 1(1:500, ab254349, Abcam), and PSD-95 (1:500, sc-32290, Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The speci city of these primary antibodies has been veri ed (Mao et Tsai et al. 2012 (link)). The membrane was incubated with a mixture of anti-rabbit IgG (Golden Bridge, Zhongshan, China) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for 1 hour at room temperature. Quantity One software (Bio-Rad, USA) was used for quantitative analysis.
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