Branson digital sonifier sfx 550

The animals were divided into four groups of eight rats each, and they received the following oral treatments for 21 days: Group (1): Normal healthy rats served as negative control; Group (2): Alzheimer disease (AD)-induced rats received AlCl₃ orally at a dose of 17 mg/kg body weight daily, as described before [41 (link)]; Group (3): AD-induced rats received (+)-pinitol glycoside orally (100 mg/kg) from day 1 as prophylactic approach [42 (link)]; Group (4): AD-induced rats followed by (+)-pinitol glycoside treatment orally (100 mg/kg) for another 21 days.
Blood samples were taken at the conclusion of the experiment right before the rats were sacrificed for additional biochemical testing. Additionally, the entire brain was quickly separated into two parts and dissected on a glass dish that had been chilled with ice. For subsequent Western blotting examination, the first part was maintained at 80 °C. In phosphate-buffered saline pH (7.00), the second portion was homogenized using a Branson Digital Sonifier SFX 550 (EMERSON, Ferguson, MO, USA). To prepare the homogenate’s clear supernatant for acetyl choline esterase measurement, the homogenate was centrifuged at 4000 RPM for 40 min at 4 °C.

PLGA nanoparticles with 50:50 ratio of lactic and glycolic acids carrying IKBKB siRNA (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) or scrambled siRNA (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA) were prepared using an emulsification/solvent evaporation method [31 (link)]. To prepare PLGA nanoparticles, 200 µL (20 µM) of IKBKB siRNA or scrambled siRNA in diethyl pyrocarbonate water (Enzynomics) was added drop-by-drop to 800 µL dichloromethane (DCM, Samjeon, Korea) containing 25 mg PLGA (Corbion, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) and was emulsified using sonication (Branson Digital Sonifier, SFX 550, EMERSON, Danbury, CT, USA) into a primary W1/O emulsion. Then, 2 mL of 1% PVA1500 (w/v) was added directly to the primary emulsion and further emulsified by sonication to form a W1/O/W2 double emulsion. The resulting product was diluted with 6 mL of 1% PVA1500 and magnetically stirred at room temperature (20–22 °C) for 3 h to evaporate DCM. The resulting PLGA nanoparticles were collected using ultracentrifugation at 13,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C. and they were washed once with deionized RNase-free water, resuspended in water, and finally lyophilized. Physical characteristics of the nanoparticles were analyzed with the Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern Instruments, Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, UK) and scanning electron microscopy (SNE-3500, SEC, Korea) [32 (link)].