Antibody against il 1β

Immunoblotting was performed using SDS-PAGE as previously described [29 ]. Antibodies against phospho-ERK, phospho-JNK, phospho-p38, phospho-IκBα, ERK, JNK, p38, and actin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA). Antibody against capase-1 was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Antibody against IL-1β was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA)

Crocin, LPS (phenol extracted from Salmonella enteritidis), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), ATP, uric acid, and other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). LDH Detection Kit was purchased from DoGenBio (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Nigericin, poly(dA:dT), and muramyl dipeptide (MDP) were purchased from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA, USA). Antibodies against caspase-1, ASC, and NLRP3 were purchased from Adipogen (San Diego, CA, USA). Antibody against β-actin was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The antibody against IL-1β was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Lipofectamine™ 3000 Transfection Reagent, MitoSOX™ Red, MitoTracker™ Green FM, MitoTracker™ Deep Red FM, Dulbecco’s modified Eagles’ medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibodies against CD11b-APC, and Ly-6G/Ly-6C-PerCP-Cyanine5.5, goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) secondary antibody, HRP, and the goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody, HRP were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).