Commercial multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, 15 ± 5 nm diameter, 1–5 μm length) were purchased from Nanolab, Inc. These CNTs were not subject to any explicit chemical treatment for functionalization. In-house CsH2PO4 was synthesized by dissolving stoichiometric quantities of Cs2CO3 and H3PO4 (85% assay) in deionized water, followed by a methanol-induced precipitation. The resulting precipitate was dried at 120 °C for 12 h. Untreated Toray carbon paper (TGP-H-120, Fuel Cell Earth, LLC.) was used as the current collector in electrochemical cells and as the substrate for electrospray deposition. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Alfa Aesar, Mw ∼ 8000 g mol–1) and Nanosperse AQ (Nanolab, Inc.) were used as dispersants for suspending carbon nanotubes in aqueous solutions in the electrospray step. Scanning electron microscopy images were collected at the Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences at Caltech (ZEISS 1550VP FESEM) and at Northwestern University's Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center (Hitachi SU8030). Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted on Netzsch STA 449 C Jupiter and Netzsch STA 449 F3 Jupiter thermal analyzers. X-Ray powder diffraction was performed using a PANalytical X'Pert PW3040-PRO (Cu Kα). Raman spectra were collected with a Renishaw M1000 Micro Raman Spectrometer System, using a green laser at 514.5 nm.
449 f3 jupiter
Manufactured by Netzsch
Sourced in Germany
The 449 F3 Jupiter is a thermal analysis instrument designed for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It measures the change in mass of a sample as a function of temperature or time under a controlled atmosphere. The instrument can be used to analyze a wide range of materials, including polymers, ceramics, and metals.
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Lab products found in correlation
Su8030, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Polyvinylpyrrolidone, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sta 449 c jupiter, by Netzsch (1 mentions)
Jsm 6510lv, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Nova nano, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Asap 2020c, by Micromeritics (1 mentions)
D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Inca eds, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
X pert pro alpha 1, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Xcelerator linear detector, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Avance 400 mhznmr, by Bruker (1 mentions)
5000 uv vis nirspectrophotometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
D8 discover apparatus, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Merlin compact 14184, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Su500, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Unicube, by Elementar (1 mentions)
Model d2 phaser, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Nicolet is5, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Lambda 365, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Spectrum two, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
18 protocols using 449 f3 jupiter
1
Electrospray Deposition of Carbon Nanotubes
2
Characterizing Paraffin-Encapsulated Polymer Composites
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A scanning electron microscope (SEM) (JEOL JSM-6510LV, Japan) was used to observe the morphology of MPn and Nano Measurer software was applied to quantitatively measure the particle diameter and distribution from the SEM images. The chemical structure of specimens was evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Nicolet 6700, USA). A synchronous thermal analyzer (STA) (NETZSCH 449 F3 Jupiter, Germany) was used to verify that the paraffin was wrapped in P(MMA-MBA).
3
Microstructural and Thermal Characterization of Carbon Nanomaterials
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The detailed microstructures of MWCNT, GC, and BP/HBP were characterized under the scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI Nova Nano) and transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Titan G2 80-300 ST). Monochromator and image corrector were used to acquire high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM) images at 80 kV. Spectroscopic characterizations were carried out using Raman confocal spectroscopy using WITec confocal Raman spectrometer with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm (Supporting Information Figure S2a–c ). Thermal behavior of the samples was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA, NETZSCH STA 449 F3 Jupiter) under inert atmosphere (N2 gas) (Supporting Information Figure S2d ). TGA was performed from room temperature to 1000 °C at a ramp rate of 10 °C/min. The electrical resistivity of the BP/HBP with sample size of 1 cm × 1 cm was measured at room temperature using a four point configuration (Ecopia HMS 300 Hall Measurement System) following the Van der Pauw technique.
4
Thermogravimetric Analysis with Mass Spectrometry
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Thermogravimetric measurements were performed on a Netzsch 449 F3 Jupiter ® instrument under a dynamic Ar (5.0) flow with a flow rate of 60 mL/min in a temperature range from 25 °C to 900 °C. A heating rate of 10 K/min was used. About 5 mg of sample was placed in alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) crucible. Simultaneously mass spectrometry was performed on MS 403C Aëolos ® with detector SEM Chenneltron and system pressure of 2 × 10 -5 mbar. Gasses evolved under TG heat treatment were transferred to mass spectrometer through transfer capillary: quartz ID 75 μm which was heated up to 220 °C. The upper limit of the mass spectrometer detector was 100 AMU.
5
Comprehensive Characterization of Catalysts
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The specific surface area and the pore structure (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller; BET) were analysed by Micromeritics ASAP 2020C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were collected by a Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer with Cu Kα radiation at an acceleration voltage of 40 kV and a current density of 40 mA. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images were analysed by Tecnai G2 F20 TEM (200 kV). ICAP6300 was performed to gather the inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) results and confirm the actual metal loadings of the catalysts. NETZSCH STA 449F3 Jupiter was chosen to collect thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) data and analyse carbon deposition on the catalyst. AUTOChem II 2920 was performed to collect NH3-TPD data and analyse the properties of supports. Before the test, the sample was purged under an inert atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed using an ESCA 3400 (Kratos Analytical Ltd, Manchester, UK).
6
Thermal and Structural Analysis of Kapton 500 HN
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Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of Kapton 500 HN was performed on a Netzsch STA 449 F3 Jupiter® simultaneous thermal analyzer (NETZSCH-Gerätebau GmbH, Selb, Germany) with a temperature increase rate of 10 K/min. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted with a field emission scanning electron microscope (Leo 1530 FEG SEM, Carl Zeiss SMT Ltd., Cambridge, UK) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (INCA EDS, Oxford Instruments, Bucks, UK). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted with Cu Kα radiation using a diffractometer (X-Pert Pro Alpha 1, PANalytical, Almelo, The Netherlands) equipped with an incident beam Johannsen monochromator (PANalytical) and an Xcelerator linear detector (PANalytical).
7
Comprehensive Characterization of Synthesized BAILs
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The synthesized
BAILs and ester products were characterized by utilizing 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy with Bruker AVANCE 400 MHz
NMR instruments. All the NMR spectra were assigned using Bruker’s
Topspin (4.0.6) processing software. The Hammett acidity functions
of BAILs were determined using UV/vis spectroscopy (Cary 5000 UV–Vis–NIR
spectrophotometer). The attenuated total reflectance—FT-IR
spectroscopy (ATR–FT-IR) technique was used for the analysis
of functional groups before and after esterification of LA by a Bruker
Vertex 80v FT-IR spectrometer (vacuum bench) with a DTGS detector.
The thermal stability of BAILs were analyzed by thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) by heating the samples under an Ar flow using a Netzsch
STA 449 F3 Jupiter” (STA) instrument. All samples were heated
from 25 to 500 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C min–1. The moisture contained in the BAILs was analyzed by Karl Fischer
titration using a KF-coulometer (Metrohm). A gas chromatography–flame
ionization detector (GC–FID) (Agilent 6890 N) equipped with
an HP-5 column was used for quantitative analysis of products.
BAILs and ester products were characterized by utilizing 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy with Bruker AVANCE 400 MHz
NMR instruments. All the NMR spectra were assigned using Bruker’s
Topspin (4.0.6) processing software. The Hammett acidity functions
of BAILs were determined using UV/vis spectroscopy (Cary 5000 UV–Vis–NIR
spectrophotometer). The attenuated total reflectance—FT-IR
spectroscopy (ATR–FT-IR) technique was used for the analysis
of functional groups before and after esterification of LA by a Bruker
Vertex 80v FT-IR spectrometer (vacuum bench) with a DTGS detector.
The thermal stability of BAILs were analyzed by thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) by heating the samples under an Ar flow using a Netzsch
STA 449 F3 Jupiter” (STA) instrument. All samples were heated
from 25 to 500 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C min–1. The moisture contained in the BAILs was analyzed by Karl Fischer
titration using a KF-coulometer (Metrohm). A gas chromatography–flame
ionization detector (GC–FID) (Agilent 6890 N) equipped with
an HP-5 column was used for quantitative analysis of products.
8
Thermal and Structural Analysis of PP/MS Foam
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A NETZSCH STA 449 F3 Jupiter differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) equipped with a data station was used for scanning the melting transitions of the samples in aluminum pans. The samples were heated from 25 to 200 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 under an argon flow (20 ml min−1). The degree of crystallization was calculated using eqn (1) , as follows: where ΔHf is the melting enthalpy measured in the heating experiments and ΔHf0 is the theoretical value of enthalpy of 100% crystalline PP, which has a value of 207.1 J g−1.26 (link)X-ray diffraction patterns were collected by a Bruker D8 Discover apparatus (Bruker, Germany) with Cu Kα as the radiation source (λ = 1.5418 Å). It was operated at 40 kV and 40 mA and the scanning range was 10–50° at a scanning rate of 2° min−1.
The hollow structure and particle size of MSs were visualized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with 200 kV field emission (Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN, USA). For TEM imaging, particle dispersions diluted in ethanol were deposited on the carbon side of a carbon/copper grid.
The morphology of the PP/MS foams was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; Zeiss MERLIN Compact 14184, Germany). Samples were immersed in liquid nitrogen for 2 min, fractured, and mounted on stubs. They were then sputter-coated with gold to prevent charging during the test.
The hollow structure and particle size of MSs were visualized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with 200 kV field emission (Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN, USA). For TEM imaging, particle dispersions diluted in ethanol were deposited on the carbon side of a carbon/copper grid.
The morphology of the PP/MS foams was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM; Zeiss MERLIN Compact 14184, Germany). Samples were immersed in liquid nitrogen for 2 min, fractured, and mounted on stubs. They were then sputter-coated with gold to prevent charging during the test.
9
TGA Analysis of Virgin Samples
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The TGA measurements were carried out with a Netzsch 449 F3 Jupiter type analyser. Approximately 20 mg of the samples were placed in a Pt–Rh crucible and heated up to 600 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 in nitrogen atmosphere. The mass changes were recorded with time and with increasing temperature. Only the virgin samples were tested.
10
Thermal Decomposition Analysis of Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles
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The thermal decomposition behavior and kinetics of FBZ, MCM-48, MCM, FBZ-MCM, and MCM-BLG, compared to FBZ-MCM-BLG nanoparticles, were evaluated by TGA and DSC techniques using a NETZSCH 449 F3 Jupiter® simultaneous thermal analyzer (STA). For this purpose, 5 mg of each formulation was heated in a predefined temperature range of 25–900 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The weight loss of the drug-loaded nanoparticles due to heating was measured, and the drug loading capacity was calculated by subtracting the final weight from the initial weight.
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