Refobacin bone cement r

All patients were operated on with a standard medial parapatellar approach using the Vanguard Cruciate Retaining Total Knee system (Vanguard Complete Knee System, Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA) and cemented with Refobacin Bone Cement R (Zimmer Biomet, Warsaw, IN, USA). PSPGs from Materialise NV (Leuven, Belgium) were used in this study. An MRI scan of the affected limb was uploaded to the implant manufacturer for implant positioning planning. Thereafter, an engineer working for the manufacturer of the PSPGs defined relevant anatomical landmarks from the uploaded MRI. A preoperative virtual operation plan was sent to the surgeon. The surgeon was free to change and adapt the preoperative virtual operation plan according to his/her expertise by manipulating the alignment in all 3 dimensions, the depth of the bone cuts, and the size of the implant. Once the surgeon was satisfied, the approved plan was sent back to the manufacturer, and the PSPGs were manufactured and delivered to the hospital.
75 of the operations were conducted by orthopedic surgeons who specialize in TKA. The operations were carried out by a resident under the guidance of an orthopedic surgeon in 2 cases. The surgical technique has been outlined in more detail in a previous publication on this RCT [9 (link)].

A single series of 31 consecutive patients was recruited at Oslo University Hospital, Ullevaal, Oslo, Norway. The study protocol is shown in Table I and Figure 2. All patients received a cemented GMK Sphere TKA using Refobacin Bone Cement R (Zimmer Biomet, USA). One of two experienced surgeons performed all surgeries between April 2016 and February 2018. All patients underwent the same operative procedure and postoperative protocol including a medial parapatellar approach, without tourniquets. During surgery, five to eight tantalum 1 mm beads (RSA Biomedical, Sweden) were inserted in tibial bone with a fair geometrical spread.