Anti neurofilament l

15dPGJ2 was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Antibody sources were as follows: mouse monoclonal anti-mono- and poly-ubiquitinated proteins antibody (clone FK2) and anti-poly-ubiquitinated proteins antibody (clone FK1) were from Enzo Life Sciences (Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA). Monoclonal anti-ubiquitin antibody was from Covance (Berkeley, CA, USA) and anti-ubiquitin Lys48-specific antibody was from Millipore (Temecula, CA, USA), anti-ubiquitin Lys63-specific antibody was from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA); anti-PARP, anti-caspase-3, and anti-Neurofilament-L antibodies were from Cell Signaling (Boston, MA, USA); anti-β-actin antibody and anti-UCH-L1 antibody were from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA); anti-NeuN antibody was from Millipore; and anti-GAPDH antibody was from Ambion (Grand Island, NY, USA). Cy3- and Alexafluor 488-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Jackson Immunoresearch Lab (West Grove, PA, USA). Ultra performance liquid chromatography organic solvents and water were from VWR (West Chester, PA, USA). The lentiviral expression vector, pLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1 vector, and Lenti-X HTX concentrator and packaging system were purchased from Clontech Laboratories (Mountain View, CA, USA). WST-1 cell proliferation assay kit and Lenti-X 293 T cell line were purchased from Clontech.

Herbal materials were purchased from Lee Hoong Kee Limited (Hong Kong) and Eu Yan Sang (Hong Kong). Antibodies including anti-neurofilament-L, anti-neurofilament-M, anti-neurofilament-H, anti-GFAP, anti-βIII-tubulin, anti-β-actin, anti-ChAT, anti-phospho-ERK, anti-ERK, anti-phospho-CREB, and anti-CREB were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA). Chemical markers for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) reference were purchased from Cheungdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd. (China), Fujifilm Wako Chemical Corporation (Japan), and Aobious Inc. (MA, USA). ReNcell culture materials including ReNcell^™ VM neural progenitor cell line (Cat# SCC008) and ReNcell NSC maintenance medium (Cat#SCM005) were purchased from EMD Millipore. Other cell culture materials were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (OH, USA) and Millipore Sigma (MA, USA). SensoLyte^®Thioflavin T Aβ42 Aggregation kit (Cat# AS-72214) were purchased from AnaSpec (CA, USA). COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitor screening kits were from BioVision Inc. (CA, USA).