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Original prusa i3 mk3

Manufactured by Prusa Research
Sourced in Czechia

The Original Prusa i3 MK3S is a 3D printer designed and manufactured by Prusa Research. It is a fully assembled, FDM-based 3D printer with a print volume of 250 x 210 x 210 mm. The printer features a heated print bed, automatic bed leveling, and a filament sensor to detect filament runouts.

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8 protocols using original prusa i3 mk3

1

Fused Filament Fabrication of Dogbone Specimens

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Material extrusion additive manufacturing trials were performed on an Original Prusa i3 MK3 fused filament fabrication machine (Prusa Research, Prague, Czech Republic). Nozzle diameter was 0.4 mm. The printing surface was a replaceable heated steel sheet. The printed parts were dog-bone specimens, as shown in the CAD image in Figure 1.
The software Cura 3D (Ultimaker BV, Utrecht, The Netherlands) was used to prepare the G-code for printing; the following parameters were kept constant: infill density of 100%, rectilinear fill patterns for all layers, fill (raster) angle of 45°, speed of printing of 35 mm/s, extrusion width of first layer of 200%, infill overlap of 15%, and printing surface temperature of 100 °C. The building orientation is as shown in Figure 1, with the broadest dimension against the build platform.
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2

3D-Printed Suspension Culture System

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“Suspension snaps” and “suspension bases” were designed with software (Fusion 360, AutoDesk, San Rafael, CA, USA) (Figure S1) and printed from 1.75mm poly-lactic acid (PLA) thermoplastic filament (Prusa Research, Czech Republic) using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer (Original Prusa i3 MK3, Prusa Research). Printed suspension bases were glued to the lid of a 24-well tissue culture plate (Dot Scientific, Burton, MI, USA) with super glue such that all bases were oriented in the same direction, creating the “suspension lid” (Figure S2).
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3

3D Printed Silicone Molds for Customized Cushions

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In this work, 3D printing was used to prepare a master with the desired shape of a cushion net, which was then used for making a negative cavity silicone mold. 3D printing has many benefits. The technique gives flexibility in designing molds and products. The process is fast and cost-effective compared to that of a conventional metal mold. The resulting silicone mold is also lightweight with good heat resistance and, most importantly, is suitable to be used in a microwave oven. First, the SolidWorks program (Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France) was used to create a 3D model of the cushion net (Figure 2a). Then a CAD file was generated and converted to G-code using the PrusaSlicer program (Prusa Research, Prague, Czech Republic) (Figure 2b) before printing (Figure 2c). PLA filament (Prusament Prusa Galaxy Black, Prusa Research, Prague, Czech Republic) was used to print the inverted mold via a 3D printer (Original Prusa i3 MK3S, Prusa Research, Prague, Czech Republic). Silicone rubber and hardener, supplied by Infinite Crafts Co., Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand were mixed before pouring into the inverted mold. The silicone mold was left at room temperature until fully set. The working mold was obtained after the inverted mold was removed. The inverted and silicone molds are shown in Figure 2d and Figure 2e, respectively.
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4

Fabrication and Characterization of PLA Filaments

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The PLA studied was the Ingeo biopolymer 2003D (Nature Works, United States), a high-molecular-weight polymer derived from natural sources and composed of 96% l-lactide and 4% d-lactide. This PLA was printed (extruded) as single filaments or 1D structures, as schematised in Figure 1, at the Institute of Glass and Ceramic (ICV, CSIC, Madrid, Spain) in a 3D printer Fused Filament Fabrication (Original Prusa i3 MK3S+ from Prusa Research, Prague, Czech Republic) at 190 ± 1 °C with a 0.4 mm nozzle, following the methods described in [24 (link)]. Filaments with a diameter between 400 and 550 µm were obtained.
The degradation by hydrolysis of the PLA molecular weight (Mw) was prevented by maintaining the material in low humidity and low-temperature conditions [31 (link)]. The low humidity condition was obtained by storing the samples inside PET zip-bags with silica desiccant inside. We observed how the color indicator of the silica desiccant inside the zip-bag remained stable over several weeks instead of only minutes. All the printed samples were dimensionally characterised with a Nikon Profile Projector V-12B, within a resolution of ±1 µm. The filaments with the right consistency on the diameter were studied, as this is essential for mechanical characterisation.
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5

3D Modeling and Rapid Prototyping Workflow

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Throughout
the project, 3D models were designed and then fabricated via rapid
prototyping (Table 1). All software design was performed with Solidworks while 3D printing
was achieved with either Original Prusa i3MK3S (Prusa Research), Ultimaker
3 (Ultimaker BV), or stereolithography (SLA) printer Form 3 (Formlabs).
These files are available in the Supporting Information.
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6

Comparative 3D Printer Performance Analysis

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In the first stage of the study, four different desktop 3D printers were used: Ultimaker 2 (Ultimaker B.V., Geldermalsen, The Netherlands), 3DQ mini (3D Quality JSC, Moscow, Russia), Original Prusa i3 MK3S (Prusa Research s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic), and Delta WASP 2040 (WASP c/o CSP S.r.l., Massa Lombarda (RA), Italy). The following short names will be used further for convenience: UM2, 3DQ, PRUSA, and WASP for each of the four printers accordingly. All the machines used are based on FFF technology, but there are significant differences in design. The overview is given in Table 1.
In the second stage of the study, the fifth machine was developed based on the analysis of the pros and cons of the commercial printers by analyzing the results of the first stage of study. Since the machine design was based on the observations and conclusions drawn from the first stage of the study, it will be described in the Results and Discussion Section.
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7

3D-Printed Helmholtz Coil Setup

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The prototype and gears were 3D printed from polylactic acid by an Original Prusa i3 MK3S+ (Prusa Research s.r.o., Czech Republic). We used a Helmholtz modulation coil wound from Cu 32 American Wire Gauge wire to get direct access to the sample space. Sample space access is necessary for fiber optical excitation in experiments similar to those presented in (58 ) and may also allow for fast sample loading in future designs. The coil was calibrated using a reference sample of LiPc (see fig. S6).
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8

Multi-Tissue Prostate Phantom

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Prostrate tissue phantoms were created based on real patient ultrasound data [20 (link)]. Segmentation of various tissue structures from the data is presented in Fig. 1(a). Figure 1(b) illustrates their respective computer-aided design (CAD) files.
To reduce the fabrication challenges urethra and rectum were no longer considered the tissues of interest. The final hybrid phantom realized has three distinctive regions: tumor, prostate, and surrounding tissue. The gelatin-based tumor is inside an Intralipid-filled prostate enclosed by solid silicone surrounding tissue. This assembling of the three distinctive phantoms is in accordance with the geometry identified in Fig. 1(a). The respective molds of these three structures for phantom manufacturing were printed using a standard 3D printer (Original Prusa i3 MK3S+, PRUSA Research). The optical properties of the three distinctive regions were taken from the literature [21 (link),22 (link)] and are tabulated in Fig. 1 (d).
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