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21 protocols using flow cytometer facs canto

1

EMI-137 Receptor Internalization Assay

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Approximately 500,000 cells were seeded in 6-well plates and cultured for 24 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Cells were washed with warm PBS and incubated with 50 nM EMI-137 for 1 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Subsequently, cells were washed with ice-cold PBS three times prior to sample acquisition via FACS Canto flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) with FACS Diva Software version 4.0.2. The obtained data were analysed using FlowJo software v7.6 (FlowJo, LLC, Ashland, OR, USA). Unstained controls were used to define gates and adjust fluorescence compensation.
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2

Quantifying EMI-137 Internalization in H1975 Cells

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H1975 cells were seeded in a 6-well plate at a seeding density of 500,000 cells/well, 24 h prior to performing internalisation assay. Cells were washed with warm PBS and incubated with 50 nM EMI-137 for 30 min or 1 h at either 4 °C or 37 °C, respectively. Subsequently, cells were washed with ice-cold PBS three times. To determine internalisation levels at 4 °C, surface-bound EMI-137 was removed by washing the cells with 50 mM of glycine prepared in 150 mM NaCl (Sigma) for 5 min followed by three washes with ice-cold PBS. To evaluate the internalisation dynamics of EMI-137, the incubation media (with EMI-137 at 4 °C for 30 min) were replaced with warm fresh media and incubated for 5, 15, and 30 min at 37 °C and 5% CO2. Cells were then washed with glycine as described above. Samples were acquired with an FACS Canto flow cytometer (Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems). Data were presented as mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI). The internalised fraction was determined by subtracting the surface-bound EMI-137 from total EMI-137. The percentage of internalised fraction was calculated by dividing the amount of internalised EMI-137 by total-bound EMI-137 multiplied by 100%. Unstained controls were used to define gates and adjust fluorescence compensation.
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3

Isolation and Flow Cytometry Analysis of Lung Cells

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For flow cytometry analysis, lungs were collected at day 1 after RSV or mock infection and digested with collagenase, as previously described (24 (link), 25 (link), 27 (link), 28 (link)). Cells were passed through nylon mesh to get a single cell suspension, and incubated with anti-FcγRIII/FcγRII mAb (anti-mouse CD16/CD32; BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA, USA) to reduce nonspecific binding, for 30 min at 4°C. After washing, cells were stained with the following anti-mouse antibodies: anti-F4/80 APC, anti-CD11b PerCP-Cy5.5, and anti-Ly6G FITC (for neutrophils). After incubation for 30 min at 4°C with the antibodies, cells were washed and then fixed in 200 µl of 1% paraformaldehyde in PBS. All the antibodies were purchased from BD Pharmingen, San Jose, CA, USA, except anti-F4/80 which was obtained from ebioscience, San Diego, CA, USA. Corresponding isotype Abs were used as controls. Cells were acquired with a FACS Canto flow cytometer equipped with Cell Quest software (both from Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA, USA). Analysis was performed by using the FlowJo Software (Tree Star, NJ, USA).
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4

Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte and Monocyte Profiling

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Peripheral whole blood samples were collected in sterile BD Vacutainer® EDTA (ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid) blood collection tubes (BD Biosciences). The samples were incubated in BD Trucount™ tubes (BD Biosciences) with the following monoclonal antibodies to identify lymphocyte sub-populations (BD Biosciences): anti-CD45-PerCP (clone 2D1), anti-CD3-FITC (clone UCHT-1), anti-CD4-APC (clone RPA-T4), anti-CD8-PE (clone RPA-T8), anti-CD16-PE (clone 3G8), anti-CD19-APC (clone HIB19), anti-CD56-PE (clone NCAM16.2). The following antibodies were used for monocyte sub-populations (BD Biosciences): anti-CD45-APC (clone 2D1), anti-HLA-DR-PerCP (clone L243), anti-CD14-FITC (clone M5E2), and anti-CD16-PE (clone 3G8). The samples were incubated at 4 °C for 30 min and then were treated with FACS Lysing Solution (BD Biosciences) until the erythrocytes were lysed and the cells were immediately processed in the FACSCanto flow cytometer (Becton–Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems, Palo Alto, CA) along with 10,000 beads per tube. The results were analyzed with FACSDiva Software (BD Biosciences) and the absolute numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes subsets were calculated on the basis of bead counts. Monocyte populations were classified as classical (CD14++ CD16−), intermediate (CD14++ CD16+), and non-classical (CD14+ CD16++).12 (link)
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5

Peripheral Blood Immune Cell Profiling

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Peripheral blood samples were collected for routine blood tests and identified through flow cytometry during the first hospitalization, clinical remission, and disease recurrence. Briefly, blood was freshly collected into anticoagulant tubes from patients and healthy donors on experimental days. As for flow cytometry analysis, blood was added into red blood cells lysis buffer immediately after collection. After the process of red blood cells lysis, cells were centrifuged to collect the remaining white blood cells for further cell counting and fluorescent‐conjugated antibodies staining. All procedures were performed in a dark room. 7‐aminoactinomycin D (7AAD) was added in the resuspension solutions before tests to eliminate dead cells. Cells were never allowed to be frozen or kept overnight before FACS analysis. FITC anti‐HLA DR (#307604), Pacific Blue anti‐CD11b (#101224), PE‐Cy7 CD15 (#323030), and APC‐Cy7 CD33 (#366614) were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). Flow cytometry analysis was carried with an FACSCanto flow cytometer (BD Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA, USA).
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6

Characterization of Lung Cell Populations in RSV Infection

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Total lung cells were harvested at day 7 p.i. after mock or RSV infection as previously described (17 (link), 19 (link)). Isolated cells were incubated with anti-FcγRII/FcγRIII mAb (24G2; BD Biosciences). For cell-surface marker staining, an aliquot of cells was stained with the following anti-mouse antibodies: anti-CD11c, anti-F4/80, anti-CD11b, and anti-Gr-1 (all from BD-Pharmingen). Samples were stained at 4°C in PBS with 1 % FBS and analyzed with a FACS Canto flow cytometer equipped with BD FACSDiva software (both from Becton Dickinson Immunocytometry Systems). Analysis was performed using WinMDI2.8 (Scripps).
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7

Quantifying Cellular Senescence: X-gal Staining and Flow Cytometry

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Cellular senescence was visualized by X‐gal [5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐3‐indolyl‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside] (WVR) staining. SA X‐gal‐positive cells were detected as previously described.16 For microscopy, the samples were mounted in Mowiol mounting medium (Biotium) and observed under a Pia‐Apochromat 20x 0.8 M27objective on Axio scan Z1 or LSM 7 DUO system (Zeiss). The cells were then semi‐quantitated according to a 0‐to‐5 scoring system, as follows: 0, 0%; 1, 1%‐20%; 2, 21%‐40%; 3, 41%‐60%; 4, 61%‐80% and 5, 81%‐100% positive cells per field.
Cellular senescence was quantified using CF12FDG [5‐Dodecanoylaminofluorescein Di‐β‐DGalactopyranoside] (Satereh Biotech) by flow cytometry.9 Following mixtures of cells were prepared: 60:40 (60% of control cells and 40% of DXR‐induced cells), 50:50 (50% of control cells and 50% of DXR‐induced cells) and 30:70 (30% of control cells and 70% of DXR‐induced cells). Those samples were subsequently divided and halve of the initial thought gradient centrifugation. The HepG2 hepatocyte suspensions were analysed using a flow cytometer FACSCanto (BD Biosciences).
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8

Lung Leukocyte Isolation and Characterization

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After 48 h of infection, lungs from each mouse were digested enzymatically for 30 minutes with collagenase (1 mg/mL) in culture medium (Sigma). Lung cells suspensions were centrifuged in presence of 20% Percoll (Sigma) to separate leukocytes from cell debris. Total lung leukocyte numbers were assessed in the presence of trypan blue using a hemocytometer; viability was >85%. The lung leukocytes were resuspended at 106 cells/mL in staining buffer (PBS + 0.1% NaN3 + and 1% fetal calf serum). Fc receptors were blocked by unlabeled anti-CD16/32 antibodies (BD Biosciences) and cells were stained for 20 minutes at 4°C by phycoerythrin-labeled (PE) anti-Dectin-1 and TLR4; fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled (FITC) anti-MR and TLR2; Peridinin Chlorophyll Protein Complex (PerCP) Cy5.5 anti-CD11b; Pacific Blue (PB) anti-F4/80 monoclonal antibodies (BD Biosciences, eBiosciences). Cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde (Sigma) and stored in the dark at 4°C until analyzed in a flow cytometer FACSCanto (BD Bioscience). The acquisition and analysis gates were restricted to the macrophages using the FlowJo software (Tree Star, Inc.).
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9

Flow Cytometry Analysis of CD144

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Evaluation of CD144 expression was performed by flow cytometer FACs Canto (BD Bioscience). Cells were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 15 min on ice and then incubated for 30 min with 1% BSA. Cells were stained for 1 h with CD144 primary antibody (R&D System) diluted according to the manufacturer’s recommendations followed by the appropriate secondary antibody. Samples treated with secondary antibody alone were used as controls.
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10

Mitomycin C Inhibits T2A2 Proliferation

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To stop the proliferation of T2A2 cells during the activation of CD8+ T cells, Mitomycin C treatment was performed. T2A2 cells were set for four groups including untreated, only Mitomycin C treated (20 μg/ml), only CFSE treated (5 μmol/L), and Mitomycin C treated plus CFSE treated. All groups were detected by flow cytometer FACS Canto (BD) and data were analyzed by FlowJo v10 software.
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