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Volume analysis software

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The Volume Analysis software is a tool designed for medical imaging analysis. It provides functionality to quantify and measure volumes of anatomical structures or lesions within medical images. The software utilizes advanced algorithms to accurately segment and analyze the volume of specified regions of interest. The core function of the Volume Analysis software is to enable medical professionals to obtain precise volumetric measurements from medical imaging data.

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7 protocols using volume analysis software

1

Quantifying Pericardial Fat from CT Scans

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Pericardial fat measurements were obtained from thoracic computed tomography (CT) scans. Three field centres used an electro-beam CT scanner while the other 3 field centres utilised a multidetector row helical CT scanner. The resulting CT scans were analysed for pericardial fat volume as described previously3 (link). In brief, the CT slices within 15 mm above and 30 mm below the superior extent of the left main coronary artery were analysed by three different experienced CT analysts. This region of the heart was selected as it includes the pericardial fat located around all the main proximal coronary arteries (left main coronary, left anterior descending, right coronary, and circumflex arteries). The volume analysis software (GE HealthCare, Waukesha, WI) was used to discern fat from other tissues according to a threshold of −190 to −30 Hounsfield units. Pericardial fat volume was defined as the sum of all voxels containing fat. This measure of pericardial fat volume was previously found to be highly correlated with total volume of pericardial fat volume12 (link). CT scans from a random sample of 80 MESA participants were reread and the intraclass correlation coefficients of intra-reader and inter-reader reliability were 0.99 and 0.89, respectively, for pericardial fat3 (link).
Magdas A., Ding J., McClelland R.L., Allison M.A., Barter P.J., Rye K.A, & Ong K.L. (2019). The relationship of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels with pericardial fat: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Scientific Reports, 9, 16423.
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2

Quantifying Pericardial Adipose Tissue Change

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PAT was evaluated using cardiac computed tomography in accordance with a protocol described by McClain et al. (2 (link)). In summary, the left main coronary artery superior extent was distinguished in a cross-sectional scan; slices within 15 mm above and 30 mm below this slice were included. The anterior border was identified by the chest wall and the posterior border by the aorta and the bronchus. Volume Analysis software (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) was used to discern fat from the remaining portions of the heart with a threshold of −190 to −30 Hounsfield units. The volume was the sum of all voxels containing pericardial adipose tissue. Baseline PAT was used in the cross-sectional analysis and measurements from follow-up exams 2, 3 and 4 were used tabulate rate of change from baseline (cm3/year) with a median follow-up time of 3-years.
Steffen B.T., Guan W., Ding J., Nomura S.O., Weir N.L, & Tsai M.Y. (2021). Plasma omega-3 and saturated fatty acids are differentially related to pericardial adipose tissue volume across race/ethnicity: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. European journal of clinical nutrition, 75(8), 1237-1244.
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3

Quantifying Pericardial Adipose Tissue Change

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PAT was evaluated using cardiac computed tomography in accordance with a protocol described by McClain et al. (2 (link)). In summary, the left main coronary artery superior extent was distinguished in a cross-sectional scan; slices within 15 mm above and 30 mm below this slice were included. The anterior border was identified by the chest wall and the posterior border by the aorta and the bronchus. Volume Analysis software (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, WI) was used to discern fat from the remaining portions of the heart with a threshold of −190 to −30 Hounsfield units. The volume was the sum of all voxels containing pericardial adipose tissue. Baseline PAT was used in the cross-sectional analysis and measurements from follow-up exams 2, 3 and 4 were used tabulate rate of change from baseline (cm3/year) with a median follow-up time of 3-years.
Steffen B.T., Guan W., Ding J., Nomura S.O., Weir N.L, & Tsai M.Y. (2021). Plasma omega-3 and saturated fatty acids are differentially related to pericardial adipose tissue volume across race/ethnicity: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. European journal of clinical nutrition, 75(8), 1237-1244.
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4

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring

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All patients (n = 32) underwent calcium scanning of the four coronary arteries (n = 128)—the left main coronary artery (LMCA), the left anterior descending artery (LAD), the left circumflex artery (LCx), and the right coronary artery (RCA)—(tube voltage:120 kV, current:200mAs) with a 3.0-mm slice thickness and reconstructed with the B36f kernel. Volume analysis software (GE Health Care, Waukesha, WI, USA) was used to discern calcium from other tissues, with a threshold of 130 Hounsfield units. Agatston calcium scores (AS), calcium mass, and calcium volume were determined automatically. All lesions were distributed into five subgroups based on AS: group 1 (no calcification (AS = 0, n = 46); group 2, minimal calcification (0 < AS≤10, n = 22); group 3, mild calcification (10 < AS≤100, n = 27); group 4, moderate calcification (100 < AS≤400, n = 24); and group 5, severe calcification (AS>400, n = 9).
Li L., Li X., Jia Y., Fan J., Wang H., Fan C., Wu L., Si X., Hao X., Wu P., Yan M., Wang R., Hu G., Liu J., Wu Z., Hacker M, & Li S. (2018). Sodium-fluoride PET-CT for the non-invasive evaluation of coronary plaques in symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease: a cross-correlation study with intravascular ultrasound. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 45(12), 2181-2189.
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5

Quantifying Pericardial Fat Volume by Cardiac CT

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The pericardial fat CT protocol has been described previously [14 (link)]. Pericardial fat volume was measured from four simultaneous 2.5 mm cardiac sections captured by cardiac CT using electrocardiography triggering. Pericardial fat was defined as epicardial fat within the visceral pericardium plus paracardial (e.g. mediastinal) fat [15 (link)]. The pericardial fat volume was measured on sections from the region of the heart within 15 mm above and 30 mm below the superior extent of the left main coronary artery [16 (link)]. This selected region includes the pericardial fat around the left main coronary artery and the proximal portions of the left anterior descending and right coronary arteries. The anterior border of the volume was defined by the chest wall, and the posterior border was defined by the aorta and the bronchus. The pericardial fat volume (in cubic centimeters) was measured by using Volume Analysis software (GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis), with an attenuation threshold of -190 to -30 Hounsfield Units used to identify fat-containing voxels. The final volume was the sum of all voxels containing pericardial fat. The increment of analysis was 40 cm3, which is approximately one standard deviation difference in pericardial fat in the MESA cohort.
Wenger D.S., Kawut S.M., Ding J., Bluemke D.A., Hough C.L., Kronmal R.A., Lima J.A, & Leary P.J. (2016). Pericardial Fat and Right Ventricular Morphology: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis- Right Ventricle Study (MESA-RV). PLoS ONE, 11(6), e0157654.
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6

Pericardial Fat Volume Measurement

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The CT scans used to ascertain the presence and extent of CAC were
analyzed for pericardial fat volume as described previously [5 (link),11 (link)]. Briefly, the CT slices within 15 mm above and 30 mm below the
superior extent of the left main coronary artery were analyzed by three
experienced CT analysts. This region of the heart was selected because it
includes the pericardial fat located around the proximal coronary arteries (left
main coronary, left anterior descending, right coronary, and circumflex
arteries). The anterior border of the volume was defined by the chest wall and
the posterior border by the aorta and the bronchus. Pericardial fat volume was
defined as the sum of all voxels containing fat based on volume analysis
software (GE HealthCare, Waukesha, WI), which could discern fat from other
tissues with a threshold of -190 to -30 Hounsfield units.
Ong K.L., Ding J., McClelland R.L., Cheung B.M., Criqui M.H., Barter P.J., Rye K.A, & Allison M.A. (2015). Relationship of pericardial fat with lipoprotein distribution: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis, 241(2), 664-670.
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7

Cardiac CT Imaging and Pericardial Fat Quantification

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Cardiac computed tomography imaging was performed at initial examination among the MESA cohort. The protocols for computed tomography scan and pericardial fat volume assessment have been previously described.14 Briefly, computed tomography image slices within 15 mm above and 30 mm below the left main coronary artery were included because it includes fat surrounding the proximal coronary arteries. The anterior and posterior borders of volume were defined by the chest wall and aorta or bronchus, respectively. Fat was discerned from other tissue using a threshold of −190 to −30 Hounsfield units using volume analysis software (GE Health Care, Waukesha, WI), and volume was the sum of all fat‐containing voxels.14
Patel R.B., Colangelo L.A., Bielinski S.J., Larson N.B., Ding J., Allen N.B., Michos E.D., Shah S.J, & Lloyd‐Jones D.M. (2020). Circulating Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule‐1 and Incident Heart Failure: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 9(22), e019390.
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