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36 protocols using clone rmp1 14

1

Glioma Xenograft Murine Models

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All procedures involving animals were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council of Animal Care and the Animal Utilization Protocols, approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee at the McGill.
NSG mice were orthotopically injected with various GSCs (20 000) and randomized into treatment and control groups. For radiation experiments, radiation was initiated 5 days after surgery and performed on the small animal X-RAD 225Cx (PXI, North Branford, CT, USA). A regime consisting of 20 Gy/10 fractions was delivered to treatment group and mice were monitored until ethical end points.
B57BL/6 mice were either subcutaneously injected with 1 million of cells or orthotopically injected at 20 000 using the murine glioma line GL261 or derivative lines and tumor growth monitored prior to treatment. For immunotherapy studies, treatment with anti-PD-1 (5 mg/kg, clone RMP1-14, Bio X Cell) was started 7 days following injection for 4 weeks or until ethical end-point was reached.
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Murine Tumor Implantation and Immunotherapy

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FVB and 129-E mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. Tumor cells were implanted in 7–9-week-old mice subcutaneously at optimal doses as indicated in figure legends. Tumor length and width were measured by caliper and the volume calculated by the equation: 0.4 × length × width2. For bioluminescence studies, images were obtained with the IVIS Spectrum imager after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of d-luciferin (150 mg/kg). For immunotherapy studies, mice bearing ~ 50 mm3 tumors were randomized and treated with 200 μg of anti-PD-1 antibody (BioXcell, Clone RMP1-14) or isotype control via IP injections three times weekly for four doses. Mice were housed in pathogen-free facilities at UCLA and all procedures were approved by the UCLA Animal Research Committee.
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3

Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Murine Tumor Models

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Mice were injected with 4 × 105 MC38 cells, or 2 × 105 B16-F10 cells subcutaneous (s.c). into the right flank. anti-PD1 blocking antibody (BioXcell, Clone RMP1-14, Stock no. BE0146) and isotype (BioXcell, Clone 2A3, Stock no. BE0089) were injected i.p. in 100 μL of PBS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. anti-CTLA4 blocking antibody (BioXcell, Clone 9D9, Stock no. BE0164) and isotype (BioXcell, Clone MPC-11, Stock no. BE0086) were injected i.p. in 100 μL of PBS at a concentration of 5 mg/kg on days 0, 3, 7, 10, and 14. Tumor volumes were measured blindly using a digital calipers and calculated using the formula L × W × W × 0.5 where L is the longest dimension and W is the perpendicular dimension54 .
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4

Evaluating Tumor Immunotherapy Protocols

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FVB/N mice and 129-E mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. Tumor cells were implanted in mice aged 7–9 weeks subcutaneously at optimal doses as indicated in figure legends. Tumor length and width were measured blindly by caliper and the volume calculated by the equation: 0.4×length×width2. For immunotherapy studies, mice bearing ~50 mm3 tumors were randomized and treated with control, IT CCL21-DC (1×106 cells), IP 200 µg of anti-PD-1 antibody (BioXcell, Clone RMP1-14) or combination as illustrated in the figures. IP administration of rat IgG2a (BioXcell, Clone 2A3) was used as an isotype control for anti-PD-1. For T cell egress studies, FVB/N mice bearing KPL-3M tumors were treated with fingolimod (2 mg/kg) every other day starting at day 5, 1 day prior to treatment of tumors with IT CCL21-DC (1×106 cells). For secondary tumor challenge studies, mice were euthanized when tumor volume reached 1500 mm3. In vivo bioluminescence images were obtained by IVIS Spectrum imager 10 min after IP injection of D-luciferin (150 mg/kg). For DC trafficking studies, mock-DCs and CCL21-DCs were labeled with CellTracker Red CMTPX (Invitrogen) fluorescent dye per manufacturer’s protocol prior to IT injection.
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5

Combination Immunotherapy for Cancer

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Antibodies against PD1 were given IP 200 μg/mouse bi-weekly (Clone RMP1-14; BioxCell, West Lebanon, NH) and CTLA4 were given IP 200 μg/mouse bi-weekly (Clone 9D9 IgG1 and IgG2 a; kind gift from Bristol Myers Squibb). Diphtheria toxin (Sigma, St. Louis MO) was given IP 1 μg/mouse bi-weekly.
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6

Murine Tumor Immunotherapy Protocols

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FVB and NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. Tumor cells were implanted in 7–9-week-old mice subcutaneously. To obtain murine blood, tumor-bearing mice were subjected to retro-orbital bleeding on day 9 and day 14 and cardiac puncture at euthanasia on day 15. For therapeutic studies, mice bearing ~50mm3 tumors were randomized and treated with 200 μg of anti-PD-1 antibody (BioXcell, Clone RMP1–14), 200 μg of anti-Gr-1 antibody (BioXcell, Clone BE0075) or isotype control via intra-peritoneal (IP) injections 2–3 times per week for 5 doses. In ATRA studies, 200 μg of ATRA (dissolved in 10% DMSO, 10% Tween 80, and 80% PBS) was administered daily, starting on day 5. Bioluminescence images were obtained by IVIS Spectrum imager 10 min after IP injection of D-luciferin (150mg/kg). In secondary tumor challenge studies, mice were euthanized when tumor volume reached 12000 mm3.
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7

Establishment of Orthotopic Mammary Tumor Models

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To establish orthotopic models, either 66cl4-shMYC-NC/1/3 or 4T1-MYC-vec/oe cells in 50 µL of DMEM medium were injected into the fourth mammary gland of 6-week-old female BALB/c or NSG mice (66cl4: 1×106 cells; 4T1: 5×105 cells). For CD8+ T cell depletion experiments, 6-week-old female BALB/c mice were treated with rat IgG2b (BioXCell, clone LTF-2, 100 µg injected intraperitoneally on day 1, followed by 50 µg on day 3 and 50 µg weekly for the remainder of the experiment) or anti-mouse CD8a (BioXCell, clone 2.43, 100 µg injected intraperitoneally on day 1, followed by 50 µg on day 3 and 50 µg weekly for the remainder of the experiment). For in vivo combination therapy, mice were treated with diluent or decitabine alone (S1200, Selleck, 0.8 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection, every day) or in combination with isotype IgG (BioXcell, clone 2A3, 100 µg injected intraperitoneally, on days 3, 7, 10, 14) or anti-PD-1 antibody (BioXcell, clone RMP1-14, 100 µg injected intraperitoneally, on days 3, 7, 10, 14).
Tumor growth was measured 2–3 times per week using calipers. The primary tumors were harvested for analysis once they reached a 3–5 week time point or a volume of 1 or 2 cm3 using the formula: volume = (width2 ×length)/2. Mice were humanely sacrificed after measurement. For experimental accuracy, these data were also included.
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8

Modulating Adenosine Signaling in Glioma

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The adenosine pathway was inhibited using the following agents. The A2aR inhibitor vipadenant (provided by Juno Therapeutics, a Celgene company) was suspended in 40% Captisol (Captisol Ligand Technology) and 10% (w/s) PEG400 (MilliporeSigma) in PBS, and SCH58261 (MilliporeSigma) was dissolved in DMSO (MilliporeSigma) and then diluted in Cremophor EL (MilliporeSigma) and 0.9% NaCl (final concentration, 15% DMSO and 15% Cremophor EL). These agents have been reported to have blood-brain barrier penetration in human subjects with Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease (16 (link), 22 (link)–27 (link)). The mice were treated daily for 21 days, starting on day 3 after glioma implantation, via i.p. injection with either SCH58261 (10 mg/kg) or with vipadenant (60 mg/kg). The CD39 inhibitor POM-1 (Tocris) was dosed on the same schedule at 5 mg/kg. Anti-CD73 (clone TY/23; Bio X Cell; RRID: AB_10950310) or IgG control (clone 2A3, Bio X Cell; RRID: AB_1107769) was administered intravenously at a dose of 200 μg/mouse on days 3, 6, 10, 14, 17, and 21. To evaluate complementary immune suppression blockade, an anti PD-1 (clone RMP1-14; Bio X Cell; RRID: AB_10949053) or IgG control (clone 2A3, Bio X Cell; RRID: AB_1107769) was administered i.p. at a dose of 200 μg/mouse on days 7, 9, and 10.
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9

Modulating Tumor Growth in Ret Mice

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C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with 2×104 Ret cells OE IL-6 or not. Tumor size was measured by a caliper and recorded three times per week. On a tumor length or width of 1.5 cm or any other termination criterion, mice were sacrificed and recorded as died. Tumor volume was calculated according to the formula: volume=width2*length2 .25 (link) After 3 weeks, mouse tumors were isolated for FACS analysis.
On the first signs of tumors, RET transgenic mice were separated into four groups containing equal numbers of males and females. One group received isotype control antibodies (clone 2A3, 12.5 mg/kg; and clone HRPN,10 mg/kg; both BioXcell), the second group was injected with anti-PD-1 antibodies (clone RMP1-14, 12.5 mg/kg; BioXcell). Other mice received anti-IL-6 antibodies (clone MP5-20F3, 10 mg/kg; BioXcell) or the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-IL-6. Antibodies were injected intraperitoneally for 4 weeks, twice per week. Mice with any of the termination criteria were sacrificed and recorded as died. In another set of experiments, mice of the same groups were sacrificed after 4 weeks of therapy, and tumors were isolated for FACS analysis.
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10

Tumor growth inhibition by ENT

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BALB/c or BALB/c.scid mice were injected with 1 × 105 TS/A or 4T1 cells into the mammary pad on day 0. The length and width of tumors were measured by caliper and tumor volume calculated by 0.4 × length × width2. Tumor-bearing mice were treated daily with 20 mg/kg ENT (unless otherwise indicated) dissolved in 15% DMSO, 20% Kolliphor EL, 65% PBS or with the same volume of vehicle alone via intraperitoneal injection beginning on day 4 after tumor cell injection and continuing for two weeks unless otherwise stated. The chosen dose was based on that used in previous studies (22 , 23 (link)).
Depleting antibodies against CD4 (GK1.5), CD8 (2.43), CD25 (PC61.5.3), CD19 (1D3), B220 (RA3.3A1/6.1), anti-rat kappa (Mar 18.5) and isotype control (2A3) were obtained from BioXCell. For CD4, CD8 and CD25 depletion, 200 μg antibody was administered intraperitoneally on days −3, 1 and weekly intervals thereafter. For B cell depletion, 200 μg of anti-CD19 and anti-B220 was administered on day −10 and the anti-rat-kappa given on day −8. 200 μg anti-CD19 was then given on day −5, day −3, day 1 and weekly intervals thereafter. For combination experiments, 200 μg anti-PD1 (BioXCell, clone RMP1-14) or isotype antibody (BioXCell, clone 2A3) was administered intraperitoneally on days 10, 13, and 16.
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