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Pa c40

Manufactured by Data Sciences International
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Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe

The PA-C40 is a rodent metabolism monitoring system designed for small animal research. It provides continuous measurements of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory exchange ratio. The device utilizes an indirect calorimetry method to collect data on the animal's metabolic activity.

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Lab products found in correlation

Vetbond, by 3M (2 mentions) Hd s10, by Data Sciences International (2 mentions) Dataquest a r t, by Data Sciences International (1 mentions) Buprenorphine, by Reckitt Benckiser (1 mentions) Xylazine, by Akorn (1 mentions) Ketamine, by Zoetis (1 mentions)

13 protocols using pa c40

1

Radiotelemetry Transmitter Implantation in Rats

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Four weeks after stereotaxic surgery, rats were implanted with radiotelemetry transmitters (PA‐C40; Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN) as previously described.34, 35 Briefly, animals were anesthetized with inhaled isoflurane anesthesia (1%–5%). The descending aorta was exposed via an abdominal incision, allowing implantation of a catheter extending from the transmitter. The catheter was secured with tissue adhesive (Vetbond; 3M Animal Care Products, St. Paul, MN) and a cellulose patch. The transmitter body was then sutured to the abdominal musculature, followed by suturing of the abdominal musculature and closure of the skin with wound clips. Rats recovered for 2 weeks before wound clips were removed and experiments began.
Schaeuble D., Packard A.E., McKlveen J.M., Morano R., Fourman S., Smith B.L., Scheimann J.R., Packard B.A., Wilson S.P., James J., Hui D.Y., Ulrich‐Lai Y.M., Herman J.P, & Myers B. (2019). Prefrontal Cortex Regulates Chronic Stress‐Induced Cardiovascular Susceptibility. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 8(24), e014451.
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2

Telemetric Blood Pressure Monitoring in Rats

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Blood pressure was analysed at 12 months in freely moving unrestrained rats using radiotelemetry (model PA‐C40; Data Sciences International, MN). Briefly, following induction of anaesthesia, rats were maintained under anesthesia using 2% isoflurane in oxygen. The femoral artery was located and cleaned before the radiotelemetry cannula was inserted. Animals were allowed to recover for 10 days prior to measurements being recorded. At the end of the recovery period, measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure (PP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were acquired for 10 sec every 15 min for 3 days.
Dorey E.S., Walton S.L., Kalisch‐Smith J.I., Paravicini T.M., Gardebjer E.M., Weir K.A., Singh R.R., Bielefeldt‐Ohmann H., Anderson S.T., Wlodek M.E, & Moritz K.M. (2019). Periconceptional ethanol exposure induces a sex specific diuresis and increase in AQP2 and AVPR2 in the kidneys of aged rat offspring. Physiological Reports, 7(21), e14273.
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3

Dietary Sodium and Potassium Effects on Murine Blood Pressure

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For these experiments, mice were single housed. Adult mice (14- to 18-week-old) were anesthetized by inhalation of isoflurane (2–2.5 vol%). The radiotelemeters (PA-C40; Data Sciences International) were implanted subcutaneously, with the sensing tip placed in the aorta via the right carotid artery. After 10 days of recovery from surgery during which mice were fed a high-sodium diet (3.23% sodium, 4.90% chloride, 0.97% potassium), BP and heart rate were recorded for seven consecutive days under the same diet. Subsequently mice were kept under three other special diets (low potassium (0.21% sodium, 0.29% chloride, <0.05% potassium), high potassium (0.21% sodium, 0.29% chloride, 3% potassium), and control (0.21% sodium, 0.49% chloride, 0.97% potassium)) for 10 days for acclimatization followed by seven recording days.
Göppner C., Orozco I.J., Hoegg-Beiler M.B., Soria A.H., Hübner C.A., Fernandes-Rosa F.L., Boulkroun S., Zennaro M.C, & Jentsch T.J. (2019). Pathogenesis of hypertension in a mouse model for human CLCN2 related hyperaldosteronism. Nature Communications, 10, 4678.
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4

Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

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We implanted a pressure transducer transmitter (PA-C40, Data Sciences International, Minneapolis, MN, United States) to measure blood pressure. First, we anesthetized rats (adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 11, 250–300 gm) by an intraperitoneal injection of a solution containing ketamine, xylazine, and acepromazine (100, 10 and 5 mg/kg bw; respectively). Then, we exposed the descending aorta and inserted the transducer’s catheter. The catheter was tied and sealed with adhesive to measure BP. Finally, the transducer was sutured to the abdominal wall and the incision site was closed and stapled. After surgery, rats recovered for at least 2 weeks prior to the endotoxemia experiments.
Campanaro C.K., Nethery D.E., Guo F., Kaffashi F., Loparo K.A., Jacono F.J., Dick T.E, & Hsieh Y.H. (2023). Dynamics of ventilatory pattern variability and Cardioventilatory Coupling during systemic inflammation in rats. Frontiers in Network Physiology, 3, 1038531.
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5

Implantation of Aortic Radiotelemetry Probes in Rats

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Rats were surgically implanted with radiotelemetry probes during anesthesia with isoflurane (2.0–2.5%) in oxygen (induction 5% isoflurane in oxygen). Chronic indwelling catheters were implanted into abdominal aorta and glued with surgical glue (Vetbond), with body of device (PA-C40, Data Sciences International (DSI), St. Paul, MN) sutured into abdominal wall. Aseptic techniques were used throughout all the surgeries, and were treated with carpofen (5 mg/kg; subcutaneous) and buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg; subcutaneous) injection before the surgical procedure. The rats were allowed to recover from anesthesia in a warm, clean cage with water provided in a petri-dish. Rats were single housed after the surgery, and were allowed to recover for a week before the first baseline recordings were made. Daily routine check (weight, visual inspection of sign of distress, food/water intake, and excretory function) was performed throughout the recovery period. Rats were treated with topical antibiotic cream (Triple antibiotic ointment) on the skin suture wound on daily basis while subcutaneous of buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg) was injected when rats showed sign of distress and pain. Following the recovery, rats were housed in recording room equipped with DSI hardware and software (ART 4.3) for the rest of the experiment.
Rana S., Pugh P.C., Wyss J.M., Clinton S.M, & Kerman I.A. (2018). Distinct Effects of Early-Life Experience and Trait Aggression on Cardiovascular Reactivity and Recovery. Physiology & behavior, 199, 375-385.
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6

Cardiovascular Monitoring in Rats

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At 12 months of age, rats were anaesthetized (isoflurane; 2–5% v/v O2) for implantation of a radiotelemetry probe (PA-C40, Data Sciences International, MN, USA) into the abdominal aorta, as described previously [29 (link)]. Following a 10-day recovery period, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR) and locomotor activity were determined over 7 days, with sampling for 10 s every 10 min, using a Dataquest ART data acquisition system (Data Sciences International, MN, USA).
Walton S.L., Tjongue M., Tare M., Kwok E., Probyn M., Parkington H.C., Bertram J.F., Moritz K.M, & Denton K.M. (2019). Chronic low alcohol intake during pregnancy programs sex-specific cardiovascular deficits in rats. Biology of Sex Differences, 10, 21.
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7

Cardiovascular and Locomotor Responses to Sucrose Drink

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This experiment was designed to measure cardiovascular and locomotor activity responses to novel and repeated sucrose drink. Rats (n = 12/group) were anesthetized with isofluorane and implanted with radiotelemetric devices (PA-C40; Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN) to measure physiological variables including heart rate and blood pressure, as well as locomotor activity as described previously [67 (link)]. Briefly, the catheter tip of the telemetric device was inserted against the blood flow into the descending aorta and the device capsule (containing the battery-powered sensor) was sutured to the internal abdominal muscle wall. Rats were given preemptive analgesia (butorphanol, 0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) and antibiotic (gentamicin, 6 mg/kg, i.m.) before awakening from anesthesia. After at least 7 days post-surgical recovery, rats were given the LSI vs. water paradigm (as described above) and responses on days 1 and 14 were recorded and analyzed.
Egan A.E, & Ulrich-Lai Y.M. (2015). Activation of physiological stress responses by a natural reward: novel vs. repeated sucrose intake. Physiology & behavior, 150, 43-52.
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8

Light/Dark Blood Pressure Variations

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To assess light/dark variations in blood pressure, a group of animals were implanted with blood pressure telemetry (Datasciences International, either PA-C40 or HD-S10) in the left femoral artery. Surgical implantation occurred under 2–5% isoflurane balanced with oxygen, and animals were given at least 2 wks to recover. Following recovery from telemetry implantation, these animals underwent either coronary artery ligation (n=3) or a sham surgery (n=4), as described above. At least two weeks after the thoracotomy, these animals were placed in the cage with the running wheel, as described above, and blood pressure was recorded along with running wheel rotations. Segments of the blood pressure recordings in which the animal remained at rest for an extended period of time (>25 min) were selected to assess light/dark variations in blood pressure.
Lewis R., Hackfort B.T, & Schultz H.D. (2018). Chronic heart failure abolishes circadian rhythms in resting and chemoreflex breathing. Advances in experimental medicine and biology, 1071, 129-136.
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9

Telemetric Monitoring of Rat Physiology

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Rats were anesthetized using isoflurane (induction 5%, maintenance 1.5–2.5%). A telemetric blood pressure sensor (PA‐C40, Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN) and a vagal nerve stimulator (model RNS, Harald Stauss Scientific, Iowa City, IA) were implanted as described previously (Stauss et al. 2014; Chapleau et al. 2016; Nizamutdinov et al. 2018). Briefly, the catheter of the telemetric blood pressure sensor was inserted in the right femoral artery and advanced into the abdominal aorta. The electrodes of the vagal nerve stimulator were wrapped around either the left or right cervical vagus nerve (randomly assigned to a side) and embedded in a silicone elastomer (Kwik‐Sil, World Precision Instrument, Inc., Sarasota, FL) for electrical insulation. Following surgical instrumentation, it was confirmed that the stimulators were in the “off” setting.
Stauss H.M., Stangl H., Clark K.C., Kwitek A.E, & Lira V.A. (2018). Cervical vagal nerve stimulation impairs glucose tolerance and suppresses insulin release in conscious rats. Physiological Reports, 6(24), e13953.
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10

Telemetry-based Cardiovascular Monitoring

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A radiotelemetry device (PA‐C40; Data Sciences International, New Brighton, MN, USA) was implanted into the abdominal aorta via the left femoral artery under general anaesthesia (ketamine, Zoetis, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI, USA, 30 mg kg−1i.p.; xylazine, Akorn, Inc., Lake Forest, IL, USA, 3 mg kg−1i.p.). In these studies, animals received buprenorphine (Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, VA, USA) for 48 h after radiotelemetry probe implantation (0.05 mg kg−1s.c.). In all cases, radiotelemety probes were implanted 5 days before intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) osmotic mini pump implantation. Radiotelemetry data were collected, stored and analysed using Dataquest A.R.T. v.4.2 software (Data Sciences International, St. Paul, MN, USA) (Brouwers, Smolders, Wainford, & Dupont, 2015; Frame, Carmichael, Kuwabara, Cunningham, & Wainford, 2019; Wainford et al., 2015).
Moreira J.D., Chaudhary P., Frame A.A., Puleo F., Nist K.M., Abkin E.A., Moore T.L., George J.C, & Wainford R.D. (2019). Inhibition of microglial activation in rats attenuates paraventricular nucleus inflammation in Gαi2 protein‐dependent, salt‐sensitive hypertension. Experimental Physiology, 104(12), 1892-1910.
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