Cefoperazone sulbactam

The susceptibility of E. anophelis to levofloxacin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was assessed by determining the MICs using 96-well broth microdilution panels, following the manufacturer’s guidelines (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Oakwood Village, OH, USA). The antibiotics that were candidates for combination with levofloxacin were minocycline, rifampin, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. The interpretation of susceptibility was based on the breakpoints outlined in the 2022 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines [20 ] for “other non-Enterobacteriaceae”. levofloxacin susceptibility was defined as an MIC of ≤2 mg/L, whereas MICs of 4 and ≥8 mg/L indicated intermediate sensitivity and resistance, respectively.

The susceptibilities to seven categories of antibiotics were determined. Specifically, susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, meropenem, imipenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefoperazone-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin (all antibiotics were obtained from Sigma) was determined using the standard agar dilution method (31 (link)) with breakpoints suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (26 ). Briefly, bacterial suspensions of each strain were adjusted to a 0.5 McFarland standard and dispensed into the seeding-tray wells of a Cathra replicator system (32 wells). Mueller-Hinton agar plates supplemented with various concentrations of antibiotics were seeded using 1-mm pins. Susceptibility to colistin was determined by measuring MICs using the standard agar dilution method as previously described (31 (link)) and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines (26 ). Susceptibility to tigecycline and colistin was determined using the standard broth microdilution assay.

The susceptibilities to seven categories of antibiotics were determined. Specifically, susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, meropenem, imipenem, ampicillin-sulbactam, cefoperazone-sulbactam, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin (all antibiotics were obtained from Sigma) was determined using the standard agar dilution method (31 (link)) with breakpoints suggested by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (26 ). Briefly, bacterial suspensions of each strain were adjusted to a 0.5 McFarland standard and dispensed into the seeding-tray wells of a Cathra replicator system (32 wells). Mueller-Hinton agar plates supplemented with various concentrations of antibiotics were seeded using 1-mm pins. Susceptibility to colistin was determined by measuring MICs using the standard agar dilution method as previously described (31 (link)) and interpreted according to CLSI guidelines (26 ). Susceptibility to tigecycline and colistin was determined using the standard broth microdilution assay.