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Bits stimulus processor

Manufactured by Cambridge Research Systems
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The Bits# stimulus processor is a hardware device designed for the presentation and control of visual and auditory stimuli in research applications. It provides a high-performance, low-latency interface for delivering precisely timed and synchronized stimuli to participants in experimental studies.

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Lab products found in correlation

Matlab, by MathWorks (2 mentions) Presentation software, by Neurobehavioral Systems (1 mentions) Matlab r2016b, by MathWorks (1 mentions) Gdm f520 crt monitor, by Sony (1 mentions)

9 protocols using bits stimulus processor

1

Psychophysical Data Collection Setup

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Psychophysical data were collected at the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research at the University of Minnesota. Data were collected on an Apple Mac Pro using an Eizo FlexScan SX2462W monitor with a 60 Hz refresh rate (mean luminance = 61.2 cd/m2). A Bits# stimulus processor (Cambridge Research Systems) was connected but not used for this particular experiment. Luminance values were linearized using a PR655 spectrophotometer (Photo Research). Head position was stabilized using an adjustable chin rest positioned at a viewing distance of 70 cm. Stimuli were generated and responses were collected using PsychoPy (Peirce et al., 2019 (link)).
Killebrew K.W., Moser H.R., Grant A.N., Marjańska M., Sponheim S.R, & Schallmo M.P. (2023). Faster bi-stable visual switching in psychosis. medRxiv.
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2

Psychophysical Experiments with Polarized Displays

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We conducted experiments via in-house Matlab scripts using the PsychToolBox extension.16 (link) All stimuli were presented on a gamma-corrected LG D2792PB 3D LED screen (LG Life Science, Seoul, Korea), which had a resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels and a refresh rate of 60 Hz. We used Bits# Stimulus Processor (Cambridge Research Systems Ltd., Rochester, UK) to generate contrast resolution of 14-bit. Throughout the psychophysical experiments, we dichoptically displayed the stimuli using polarized glasses to the observers in a dark room at a viewing distance of 171 cm. The mean luminance through polarized glasses was 36.5 cd/m2.
Chen Y., Yao Z., He Z., Cheng Z., Huang P.C., Min S.H., Lu F., Hess R.F, & Zhou J. (2022). A Joint Lateral Motion—Stereo Constraint. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 63(1), 32.
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3

fMRI and Psychophysics Visual Stimuli

Cited 1 time
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For fMRI, stimuli were presented using either an Epson Powerlite 7250 or an Eiki LCXL100A (following a hardware failure), both with 60 Hz refresh rate. Images were presented on a screen at the back of the scanner bore and viewed through a mirror mounted on the head coil. Images were shown using Presentation software (Neurobehavioral Systems, Berkeley, CA). For psychophysics, a ViewSonic PF790 CRT monitor (120 Hz) was used with an associated Bits# stimulus processor (Cambridge Research Systems, Kent, UK). Stimuli were presented on Windows PCs in MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA) using Psychtoolbox-3 (Brainard, 1997 (link); Kleiner et al., 2007 ; Pelli, 1997 (link)). Viewing distance for both displays was 66 cm, and display luminance was linearized.
The visual stimuli were identical to those described previously (Schallmo et al., 2018 (link)). Briefly, drifting sinusoidal luminance modulation gratings were presented with Gaussian blurred edges on a mean gray background. Grating contrast was either 3% or 98%. Gratings were 2° in diameter for fMRI, and 0.84, 1.7, & 10° in diameter for psychophysics. Spatial frequency was 1 cycle/° (fMRI) or 1.2 cycles/° (psychophysics). Drift rate was 4 cycles/s for both experiments.
Schallmo M.P., Millin R., Kale A.M., Kolodny T., Edden R.A., Bernier R.A, & Murray S.O. (2018). Glutamatergic facilitation of neural responses in MT enhances motion perception in humans. NeuroImage, 184, 925-931.
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4

Psychophysical Data Collection Methodology

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Psychophysical data were collected at the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research at the University of Minnesota. Data were collected on an Apple Mac Pro using an Eizo FlexScan SX2462W monitor with a 60 Hz refresh rate (mean luminance = 61.2 cd/m2). A Bits# stimulus processor (Cambridge Research Systems) was connected but not used for this particular experiment. Luminance values were linearized using a PR655 spectrophotometer (Photo Research). The head position was stabilized using an adjustable chin rest positioned at a viewing distance of 70 cm. Stimuli were generated and responses were collected using PsychoPy [89 (link)].
Killebrew K.W., Moser H.R., Grant A.N., Marjańska M., Sponheim S.R, & Schallmo M.P. (2024). Faster bi-stable visual switching in psychosis. Translational Psychiatry, 14, 201.
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5

Corrected Nonlinear Display Calibration

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Stimuli were presented on a Sony GDM-F520 CRT monitor (Tokyo, Japan), run at a frame rate of 85 Hz, driven by a Bits# stimulus processor (Cambridge Research Systems, Rochester, UK). The intensity nonlinearity of the display was corrected by a lookup table loaded into the Bits#. Calibrations were performed using a PR650 spectroradiometer (Photo Research, Chatsworth, CA). Experiments were controlled by a Mac Pro computer (Apple, Cupertino, CA), running the OS X El Capitan operating system (version 10.11.6). The experiment script was written in MATLAB R2016b (MathWorks, Natick, MA) using the Psychtoolbox (Brainard, 1997 (link); Kleiner, Brainard, & Pelli, 2007 ).
Observers sat 129 cm in front of the monitor, with their dominant eye aligned to the center, and the other eye was patched. Non-emmetropic observers viewed the display through an ophthalmic trial lens. The distance between the dominant eye and trial lens was approximately 13 mm. All stimuli were scaled to account for the (very small) spectacle magnification caused by the trial lens.
Shi Y, & Eskew RT J.r. (2024). Asymmetries between achromatic increments and decrements: Perceptual scales and discrimination thresholds. Journal of Vision, 24(4), 10.
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6

Visual Perception Experiment in Matlab

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The experiment was programmed in Matlab (version R2016b) and presented using Psychtoolbox (Brainard, 1997) .
Stimuli were displayed on a Dell P1130 monitor with a resolution of 1280 x 1024 pixels and a framerate of 85 Hz. A Bits# Stimulus Processor (Cambridge Research Systems Ltd., Kent, UK) allowed us to present stimuli with a 14-bit luminance resolution. The mean luminance was 82 cd/m 2 . Subjects sat at a viewing distance of 86 cm. At this distance, there were 50 pixels per degree of visual angle.
Baldwin A.S., Kenwood M, & Hess R.F. (2020). Integration of contours defined by second-order contrast-modulation of texture. Vision research, 176.
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7

Visual Perception Experiment Protocol

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Our experimental apparatuses and stimuli have been described in our recent publications14 (link),16 . We used a ViewSonic PF790 CRT monitor (120 Hz) and Bits# stimulus processor (Cambridge Research Systems, Kent, UK). Stimuli were created and displayed in MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA) and PsychToolbox51 (link)–53 . Viewing distance for all experiments was 66 cm, and luminance was linearized using a PR650 spectrophotometer (Photo Research, Chatsworth, CA). Stimuli were sinusoidally modulated luminance gratings presented on a mean luminance background. Vertically oriented gratings drifted either left or right (drift rate = 4 cycles/s) within a circular aperture, which was blurred with a Gaussian envelope (SD = 0.21°). We used three different stimulus sizes: 0.5°, 1.5°, and 6° in diameter. The Michelson contrast of the gratings was either 3% (low) or 98% (high), and the spatial frequency was 1.2 cycles/°.
Murray S.O., Kolodny T, & Webb S.J. (2023). Cortical Surface Area Relates to Distinct Computational Properties in Human Visual Perception. bioRxiv.
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8

Multimodal Neuroimaging of Visual Perception

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Stimuli were presented using an MSI (MS-7788) computer with i7-3990CPU Intel processor, NVida GeForce GTX 650 graphics card. The display used was a 22" Illyama Vision Master Pro 514 monitor set to a resolution of 1024 x 768 with a refresh rate of 85Hz. The display was calibrated using a Minolta LS100 photometer, mean luminance was 44.24cd/m 2 . A Bits # stimulus processor (Cambridge Research Systems) was used to convert the RGB signal to greyscale. Stimuli were presented using MATLAB (2015a) and the Psychtoolbox (Brainard, 1997; (link)Pelli, 1997; (link)Kleiner et al., 2007) (link). EEG recordings were made using a 64-channel Active-Two Biosemi system and a 10-20 system electrode cap for the placement of the electrodes. There were eight facial electrodes, two on the mastoids, two on the outer canthi, two supraorbital and two infraorbital, in order to record eye movements.
O'Hare L., Hird E, & Whybrow M. (2021). Steady-state visual evoked potential responses predict visual discomfort judgements. The European journal of neuroscience, 54(10).
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9

Psychophysics Experiment with Matlab

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The experiment was programmed in Matlab (version R2016b) using the Psychtoolbox (Brainard, 1997; Pelli 1997; Kleiner et al., 2007) and a Bits# Stimulus Processor (Cambridge Research Systems Ltd., Kent, UK) in order to present stimuli with a 14-bit luminance resolution. Stimuli were displayed on a Dell P1130 monitor with a resolution of 1280 × 1024 pixels, a framerate of 85 Hz and a mean luminance of 82 cd/m 2 in an artificially lit room. Subjects were asked to place their head on a chin-rest in order to ensure a constant viewing distance of 63 cm in each block.
Reynaud A., Blaize K., Chavane F., & Hess R.F. (2020). Monocular vision is intrinsically unstable: a side-effect of binocular homeostasis.
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