Axis his 165 spectrometer

Electrochemical experiments were performed on a CHI 660E electrochemical workstation (Shanghai CH Instruments, China) using a traditional three-electrode system, including Pt–BPC/CILE as the working electrode, Ag/AgCl (sat. KCl) electrode as the reference electrode and a platinum wire electrode as the auxiliary electrode. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were performed in pH 3.0 PBS containing a certain amount of luteolin or sample. DPV parameters were as follows: pulse amplitude of 0.05 V, pulse width of 0.02 s, pulse period of 0.2 s, and quiet time of 0.5 s. The surface morphologies, EDX and mapping of the as-prepared materials were characterized using a JSM-7100F scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL, Japan). X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were obtained by using an AXIS HIS 165 spectrometer (Kratos Analytical, UK). Raman spectra with 532 nm lasers were obtained on a LabRAM HR system (Horiba, France).

The morphologies of the as-prepared materials were examined using a JSM-7100F scanning electron microscope (JEOL, Japan). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed on a D2 phaser advance diffractometer (Bruker, Germany) with Cu Kα (λ = 1.5406 nm) radiation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the surface elemental compositions were performed on an AXIS HIS 165 spectrometer (Kratos Analytical, UK). Raman spectrum was obtained on a LabRAM HR system (Horiba, France) at an excitation wavelength of 532 nm. Electrochemical measurements were carried out on a CHI 660E electrochemical workstation (Shanghai CH Instruments, China) with a traditional three-electrode system, including MnO₂@FBPC/CILE as the working electrode, Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl) as the reference electrode, and a platinum wire electrode as the counter electrode. An Agilent 1200 (Agilent Technologies, USA) was used for HPLC with chromatographic separation performed on the Agilent Diamonsil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, USA). HPLC mobile phase consisted of a 0.4% phosphoric acid–methanol (48 : 52, v/v) mixture, which was filtered through a 0.45 μm filter, followed by degassing under vacuum and passed at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min⁻¹ at an injection volume of 10 μL. The measurement process was carried out in a chromatographic column at 30 °C with the detector wavelength set at 368 nm.