Hexacosanol

All standards of fatty acid methyl esters were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methanol, n-hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, potassium iodide, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, starch, concentrated sulphuric, nitric and hydrochloric acid (37%) were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Anhydrous sodium sulphate and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Sodium and potassium hydroxides in the form of pellets, chloroform and analytical standards (dihydrocholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, eicosanol, docosanol, tricosanol, tetracosanol, pentacosanol, hexacosanol, heptacosanol, octacosanol, squalene and (±)-α-tocopherol) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol and a silylating mixture according to Sweeley were purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland).
Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, oleuropein, lutein and apigenin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Caffeic acid and gallic acid were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standard stock solutions of each compound were 1 mg/mL in Methanol.
All mineral standards were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and diluted to the appropriate obtained concentration.
All standards stored at +4 °C in amber vials and in a dark place until analysis.

E. pela wax—semifinished, first grade—was purchased from the Emeishan Institute of Insect Wax in Sichuan Province, southwestern China.
Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and lithium aluminum hydride (analytical grade) were supplied by Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) A total of four PC standards, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol, and triacontanol, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA) with a purity of >98%. Scopolamine hydrobromide was acquired from APExBIO (Houston, TX, USA) and dissolved in sterile normal saline at a final concen-tration of 4 mg/kg. Donepezil was purchased from the American MCE Company (Kowloon, Hongkong) and dissolved in 0.9% sterile normal saline at a final concentra-tion of 3 mg/kg. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) was purchased from Bei-jing Soleibao Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Assay kits for the determination of acetylcholine (Ach), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering (Nanjing, China). Normal saline (0.9%) was obtained from Hebei Tiancheng Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Cangzhou, China).