Male C57Bl/6 mice (Taconic Labs) were injected with 55 mg/kg of STZ (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) diluted in sterile citrate buffer (0.05 M, pH 4.5) intraperitoneally (i/p) once per day for four consecutive days. Control mice received an i/p injection of vehicle (sterile citrate buffer). STZ-induced diabetic mice model reported to require ~6 months to develop measurable vascular remodeling lesions characteristic of DR.17 (link)26 weeks after the injection of STZ or vehicle, all animals were tested for blood glucose level through tail vein puncture using the AlphaTRAK2 assay kit (Abbott Diabetes Care Inc., Alameda, CA). Animals with a blood glucose level greater than 350 mg/dL were considered diabetic. All experimental protocols were approved in advance by Xavier University of Louisiana’s Animal Care and Use Committee and were conducted in accordance with the ARVO statement for the use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.
Streptozotocin (stz)
Manufactured by Abbott
Sourced in United States
The STZ is a laboratory equipment product from Abbott. It is designed for the measurement and analysis of various samples in a controlled laboratory environment. The core function of the STZ is to provide accurate and reliable data for research and testing purposes.
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8 protocols using streptozotocin (stz)
1
Induction of Diabetic Retinopathy in Mice
2
Establishment of Type 2 Diabetes Model in Mice
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Male C57BL/6J mice, 8 weeks old (18–22 g of body weight), were purchased from the experimental Animal Center of Beijing University of Medical Science (Beijing, China) and allowed to acclimate for 2 weeks. All mice were housed in the animal facility of the Jilin University Animal Center at 22°C with a 12:12-h light-dark cycle and free access to rodent chow and tap water.
In order to establish type 2 diabetic model, the combined strategy of a HFD (Shanghai SLAC laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., 40% of calories from fat) and STZ (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO) treatment was applied in our study. The mice were fed with HFD for 12 weeks to induce obesity, characterized by abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. The age-matched nondiabetic mice were fed with a standard diet (SD, Shanghai SLAC laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., 10% of calories from fat). Then, the mice fed with HFD were intraperitoneally given a single injection of STZ at 50 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the mice fed with SD were given an injection of equivalent volume of citrate buffer. Blood glucose level was examined using a FreeStyle glucose meter (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA) 3 days after the injection of STZ. Mice were considered diabetic when blood glucose exceeded 12 mmol/L. Next, mice were continued to feed with the corresponding diet for another 4 or 8 weeks.
In order to establish type 2 diabetic model, the combined strategy of a HFD (Shanghai SLAC laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., 40% of calories from fat) and STZ (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO) treatment was applied in our study. The mice were fed with HFD for 12 weeks to induce obesity, characterized by abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. The age-matched nondiabetic mice were fed with a standard diet (SD, Shanghai SLAC laboratory Animal Co., Ltd., 10% of calories from fat). Then, the mice fed with HFD were intraperitoneally given a single injection of STZ at 50 mg/kg body weight. In addition, the mice fed with SD were given an injection of equivalent volume of citrate buffer. Blood glucose level was examined using a FreeStyle glucose meter (Abbott Diabetes Care, Alameda, CA) 3 days after the injection of STZ. Mice were considered diabetic when blood glucose exceeded 12 mmol/L. Next, mice were continued to feed with the corresponding diet for another 4 or 8 weeks.
3
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Murine Model
4
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice
5
Establishment of Type 1 Diabetic Nephropathy Rat Model
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Diabetes was induced in the overnight fasted rats by a one-time intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) dissolved in citric acid buffer 40 mg/mL (pH 4.5, Sigma) [19 (link)–22 (link)]. However, the control group rats were injected only with citric acid buffer. The blood glucose level was examined 2 days after the STZ injection using a Contour glucose meter (Freestyle, Abbott Laboratories, Alameda, CA) via tail puncture. Animals exhibiting blood glucose levels more than 300 mg/dl were considered type 1 diabetic [20 (link), 21 (link)]; otherwise, they were excluded from our study. Blood glucose in animals was maintained at 350 mg/dl by treatment with insulin (0.4 unit/rat, insulin glargine (rDNA origin) injection, Lantus®) [19 (link), 20 (link)] maintained 12 weeks to establish the DN rat models successfully [23 (link), 24 (link)].
6
Danshen Ameliorates Diabetic Rat Model
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Thirty rats were fasted for 12 h before establishment of the diabetic rat model by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St. Louis, MO, USA). Two days after the STZ injection, the plasma glucose level was measured with a blood glucose analyzer and strips (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA), and the rats with a glucose level > 16 mM were regarded as diabetic. The remaining ten rats served as controls and received an injection of 0.9% saline after fasting for 12 h. Then, the diabetic rats were intraperitoneally administered with an equal volume of Danshen solution (0.5 or 1 mL/kg, based on a human equivalent dose, Danshen injection groups) or 0.9% saline (diabetes group) once a day for 6 weeks. The injection volume was 1 mL for each rat (diluted by 0.9% saline). The rats in the control and diabetes groups intraperitoneally received 1 mL of 0.9% saline.
7
Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rodents
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Diabetes was induced in rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) at the dose of 65 mg/kg. Rats from the control group (rats without diabetes, referred as VEH) were injected with an equal volume of a citrate buffer. Blood glucose level was measured on the third day after STZ injection by using an Optium Xido glucometer (Abbott, United States). Diabetes was defined as a blood glucose level of >200 mg/dl. The development of diabetes in rats occurred over a period of 5 weeks. The blood glucose level was again measured 5 weeks after STZ injection.
Diabetes was induced in mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 200 mg/kg dose. Mice from the control group (VEH) were injected with an equal volume of a citrate buffer. The blood glucose level was measured on the third day after STZ injection. Diabetes was defined as a blood glucose level of >200 mg/dl. The blood glucose level was again measured 4 weeks after STZ injection.
Diabetes was induced in mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ at 200 mg/kg dose. Mice from the control group (VEH) were injected with an equal volume of a citrate buffer. The blood glucose level was measured on the third day after STZ injection. Diabetes was defined as a blood glucose level of >200 mg/dl. The blood glucose level was again measured 4 weeks after STZ injection.
8
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Induction in Rats
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A total of 10 male healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (6–8 weeks, 140 ± 10 g), which were provided by the Experimental Animal Center, were housed in individually ventilated cages at standard laboratory conditions (temperature: 22–25°C, humidity: 50–60%) with a 12-h light/dark cycle. After 7 days of adaptation, the rats were randomly divided into a control group and a DCM group. The rats in the DCM group were treated with a high-sugar and high-fat diet, as reported previously (19 (link), 20 (link)). The rats in the DCM group were injected with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich) to induce diabetes 8 weeks later. The control group performed the same simulated injection operation. One week after the STZ injection, the blood was collected from the tail vein, and the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels and the βOHB were measured by a glucose and ketones meter (Abbott, USA) using the test strip for glucose or βOHB, respectively. Rats with an FBG > 12 mmol/L were considered diabetes mellitus (21 (link)).
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