Miniflex 2 diffractometer

Powder XRD data
of synthesized specimens were obtained using a Rigaku MiniFlex II
diffractometer (Cu Kα, λ = 1.5419 Å) working in the
Bragg–Brentano (θ/2θ) geometry. The data were obtained
within the 10–60° 2θ angle range with a speed of
1°/min. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were recorded
in the range of 4000–400 cm^–1 with a Bruker
ALPHA-FTIR spectrometer. Raman spectra were recorded using a combined
Raman and scanning near-field optical microscope WiTec Alpha 300 R
equipped with a 532 nm excitation laser source. Elemental composition
of synthesized compounds was determined using inductively coupled
plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) with a PerkinElmer
Optima 7000 DV spectrometer. The morphology of synthesized powders
and elemental distribution were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) using a Hitachi SU-9000 microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive
X-ray spectrometer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis
was performed on a JEOL JEM-2100F FEG TEM instrument.

Na ion-exchanged Y-type zeolite (Na-Y) with SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 5.5 was supplied by Tosoh Co. The following chemicals were used as received: FeSO₄∙7H₂O (Wako, > 99%), sodium nitrate (Wako, 99.0%), ethylenediaminetetraacetate acid (TCI, 98.0%), ethylenediaminetetraacetate acid disodium salt (Wako, 99.5%), sodium hydroxide (Wako, 93%), 2,2′;6′,2″-terpyridine (TCI, 98.0%), methanol (Wako, 99.8%), 30% aqueous hydrogen peroxide (Wako, 30–35.5%), benzene (Wako, 99.5%), phenol (Wako, 99.0%), catechol (Wako, 99.0%), hydroquinone (Wako, 99.0%), o-dichlorobenzene (Wako, 98.0%), and acetonitrile (Wako, 99.5%).
ICP-AES and CHN elemental analyses of all catalysts were carried out after the sample was dissolved into a HF solution. The powder XRD patterns of the catalysts were collected on a Rigaku MiniFlex II diffractometer using CuKα radiation. The Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area measurements were conducted to determine the specific surface areas and pore diameters of the samples by performing N₂ adsorption experiments at 77 K using a BEL Japan Bellsorp-max instrument. The UV-vis spectra were recorded on a Hitachi U-4000 spectrometer for solid samples. Gas chromatography (GC, Shimadzu GC-2014) was performed using a flame ionization detector equipped with a DB-1MS capillary column (internal diameter = 0.25 mm and length = 30 m) at the nature of the non-polar liquid phase.

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
images were taken at an acceleration voltage of 5 keV and a working
distance of 15 mm using a JEOL JSM-7500F instrument. Transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was conducted using an FEI Tecnai
G2 F20 Super-Twin FE-TEM instrument operating at 120 kV. TEM samples
were prepared using a Tescan LYRA-3 Model GMH dual-beam FIB instrument.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were collected using a Miniflex II
diffractometer (Rigaku) with Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406
Å) in the 2θ range of 5–40°. A Nicolet iS5
spectrophotometer equipped with iD7 ATR (Thermo Scientific) was used
to obtain attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared
(ATR-FTIR) spectra at a resolution of 5 cm^–1 with
16 scans in the span of 4000–400 cm^–1. Thermogravimetric
analysis (TGA) was performed using a Q50 apparatus (TA Instruments)
in the temperature range of 25–800 °C at the heating rate
of 10 °C min^–1 under an air flow of 60 cm³ min^–1. N₂ adsorption isotherms
were taken using an ASAP 2020 plus instrument (Micromeritics) at 77
K.

Firstly, 5 mg of dried magnetic nanoparticles were sonicated in 5 mL of water until fully dispersed. Then, 10 mL of 0.27 mol L⁻¹ EDTA solution prepared in 1 mol L⁻¹ NaOH was added, and MNPs were re-suspended by using an ultrasonic bath. Particles were collected with a magnet and dispersed in a 10 mL mixture of 0.1 mol L⁻¹ CTAB and 0.01 mol L⁻¹ HAuCl₄ solution. Subsequently, the 150 mg hydroxylamine hydrochloride was added to the vigorously stirred solution in order to reduce AuCl₄⁻ ions to Au(0) on the surface of MNPs. The color of the solution changed from brown to dark red, indicating the formation of nanoparticles with gold shells (MNPs-Au). These particles were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer Lambda 25 (Perkin Elmer, Shelton, WA, USA) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) Tecnai F20 X-TWIN (Eindhoven, The Nederland). X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were performed using a MiniFlex II diffractometer (Rigaku, Japan). The diffractograms were recorded in the 2θ range from 25° to 80° using CuK_α λ = 1.5406 Å radiation.