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244 protocols using p0013

1

Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation Analysis

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For IB analysis, cell lysis buffer (P0013, Beyotime) supplemented with PMSF (ST506, Beyotime) and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail was used to lyse the cells (P1081, Beyotime). Proteins were isolated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with sodium dodecyl sulfate and then transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk and the indicated primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight. After being washed three times with TBST buffer, the cells were incubated with the HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (SA00001-1, SA00001-2; Proteintech) and detected by using chemiluminescence (34580, Thermo Fisher).
For IP analysis, cell lysis buffer (P0013, Beyotime) containing PMSF and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail was used to lyse the cells for IP analysis (P1081, Beyotime). Cell lysates were first precleared with protein A/G agarose, and then were incubated with the indicated primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight. The next day, 40 μl of protein A/G-agarose beads were added and incubated for 4 h at 4 °C. After washing three times, the mixture was resuspended. After boiling and centrifugation to pellet the agarose beads, supernatants were subjected to IB analysis.
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2

Immunoblot and Immunoprecipitation Techniques

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For immunoblot analysis, cells were washed twice with ice-cold PBS, scraped, pelleted and lysed in the cell lysis buffer for Western and IP (P0013, Beyotime). After incubation for 10 min on ice, cell lysates were centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 min at 4 °C. Protein concentration of lysates was determined by BCA protein assay kit (P0010, Beyotime) and the lysates were adjusted with cell lysis buffer. Proteins were separated by 8–15% SDS-PAGE transferred to PVDF membrane (Millipore). The blots were blocked for 1 h at room temperature with 5% non-fat dry milk in TBST (TBS and 0.05% Tween-20). Incubation with specific primary antibodies was performed in blocking buffer overnight at 4 °C. Goat anti-mouse IgG or goat anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to HRP was used as secondary antibody. The blots were developed by Immobilon Western Chemiluminescent HRP Substrate (WBKLS0500, Millipore) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For immunoprecipitation, transfected cells were lysed in the Western and IP buffer (P0013, Beyotime). Cell lysates were incubated with Flag M2 beads (A2220, Sigma) or anti-Myc (9E10) beads (sc-40AC, Santa Cruz) and were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and blotted with indicated antibodies.
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3

Protein Enrichment via Immunoprecipitation

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The cells were lysed using a non-denaturing lysis buffer (P0013, Biyuntian, Beijing, China). Immunoprecipitation (IP) was performed using protein A/G magnetic beads (Sigma, Shanghai, China). The IP-grade antibodies, including anti-JMJD1C (17-10262, Sigma, Shanghai) and anti-Ran (ab155103, Abcam, Shanghai, China) were used to enrich the proteins of interest. Rabbit IgG antibody was used as a control.
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4

Identifying JMJD1C Interacting Proteins

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Cord blood cells were isolated and lysed using a non-denaturing lysis buffer (P0013, Biyuntian, Beijing, China). The whole-cell extracts were incubated with two different JMJD1C antibodies (Millipore Cat# 17-10262, RRID: AB_11205409 and Santa Cruz sc-101073, RRID: AB_2234048) and an IgG control. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was performed using protein A/G magnetic beads (Sigma, Shanghai, China). The eluted proteins were dissolved in SDT buffer (4% SDS, 100 mM DTT, 100 mM Tris, protease inhibitor cocktail), and the samples were sent to the Applied Protein Technology (Shanghai, China) for mass spectrometry.
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5

Quantitative Protein Expression Analysis

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The cells of each group were treated with protein lysate (P0013, Biyuntian, China), and the total protein was extracted. The protein concentration was determined by BCA protein concentration assay kit (P0012S, Biyuntian, China). Under a condition of 110 V, 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed, and 30 μg of each protein was loaded. After electrophoresis, the membrane was transfected, and rabbit anti-p-Akt (3165, 1:2000, CST, USA) or rabbit anti-Akt (1462, 1:1000, CST, USA) or rabbit anti-β- was incubated overnight at 4°C (1477, CST, USA). The next day, rabbit anti-secondary antibodies (3690, 1:1000, CST, USA) were incubated for 2 h at room temperature. The gray value of each band was analyzed using a gel imaging system (Bio Rad Chemi Doc XRS imaging system, USA). The relative content of each protein of interest was calculated.
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6

Tissue Protein Extraction and Immunoblotting

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To prepare the tissue proteins, the tissues were extracted using lysis buffer (P0013, Biyuntian, Shanghai, China) and 1% (v/v) protease inhibitor cocktail (4693116001, Roche, Shanghai, China). After tissue grinding and ultrasonication, the samples were incubated on ice for 25 min. Then, the protein lysates were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 25 min at 4 °C. The supernatant liquid of the extracts was used for immunoblotting. The proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and electro-transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Then, the membrane was blocked in 5% skim milk overnight and then incubated with corresponding primary and secondary antibodies.
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7

Protein Expression Analysis in Hippocampus

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Total proteins were extracted from hippocampus tissues or cells using a cold lysis buffer (P0013, Beyotime Biotechnology Institute, Shanghai, China) with mixed protease and phosphatase inhibitors. A total of 20 μg proteins from different groups were separated by gel electrophoresis, shifted to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and blocked with 5% non-fat milk for 1 h at room temperature. The membranes were subsequently rinsed with primary antibodies including cleaved caspase-3, LC3II/I, ACSL4, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Aqp11 while β-actin was used as control. Next day, the protein bands were probed with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated secondary anti-mouse or anti-rabbit antibodies for 1 h and then visualized using enhanced chemiluminescence kit. The imageJ software was utilized to analyze the significant difference in protein expression. Other details of antibodies were summarized in Table 3.
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8

Immunoprecipitation of FLAG-tagged Proteins

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Cells were collected, lysed using western and IP lysis buffer (P0013, Beyotime) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (P8430, Sigma-Aldrich) for 30 min on ice, and centrifuged at 12,000 × g for 15 min. After protein quantification using a BCA protein assay kit (23225, Thermo Fisher), clarified lysates were incubated with anti-FLAG antibody (1:100) overnight at 4 °C and magnetic protein A/G beads (HY-K0202, MedChemExpress) for 4 h at 4 °C. Normal immunoglobulin (IgG) was used as a negative IP control. The beads were washed at least five times with western and IP lysis buffer, and proteins were eluted by boiling in 1× loading buffer at 100 °C for 15 min and then used for western blotting.
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9

Western Blot and Immunoprecipitation Protocol

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We plated cells on cubbies to 70% density. After treatments, the cells were washed thrice with pre-cooled PBS and lysed in cell lysis buffer for western and IP (Beyotime Biotechnology, P0013, Beijing, China) containing 1 mM PMSF. After centrifuging for 15 min at 12,000 rpm, 4 °C, supernatants were collected and the concentration was measured by BCA assay. Then, 30 μg/lane protein samples were loaded onto a 12% SDS–polyacrylamide gel, and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, IPVH00010, Hong Kong, China). The PVDF membranes were incubated with primary antibodies for 16 h at 4 °C, and then incubated with secondary antibodies that linked horseradish peroxidase and detected by an enhanced chemiluminescence detection kit (Thermo Fisher, 34,080, Waltham, MA, USA). Infrared secondary antibodies were imaged. The relative quantity of proteins was analyzed by ImageJ 1.44P software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) and normalized to loading controls.
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10

Fluorescent Assay for CD38 Activity

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CD38 enzymatic activity was measured using fluorimetry. In brief, each sample was lysed with cell lysis buffer containing both protease and phosphatase inhibitors (P0013, Beyotime), and centrifuged with the supernatant collected. The supernatant was then supplemented with 80 μM NAD (NAD100-RO, Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Company, St Louis, MO) as a substrate reaction. Samples were measured using a microplate reader and fluorescence was measured at 37°C, Ex/Em = 340/460 nm, once per min for 1 h. CD38 enzymatic activity was calculated as the slope of the linear part of the fluorescence time curve.
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