Berberine chloride hydrate (>98% purity) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Germany. Zinc acetate dihydrates was purchased from polskie odczynniki chemiczne S.A., Poland. Sodium hydroxide pellets were obtained from Fisher Chemical, Germany. HPLC grade ethanol and methanol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, Germany. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
Berberine chloride hydrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Berberine chloride hydrate is a chemical compound that is used as a laboratory reagent. It is a crystalline solid with a yellow color. The core function of berberine chloride hydrate is to serve as a chemical standard and a starting material for the synthesis of other compounds.
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Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide pellets, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by InvivoGen (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cell culture reagents, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Mcf 10a, by American Type Culture Collection (1 mentions)
Colistin sulfate salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Piperacillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloramphenicol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ticarcillin disodium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Doxycycline hyclate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ciprofloxacin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Avibactam, by AstraZeneca (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Polysorbate 20, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Isopropyl myristate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Duchefa Biochemie (1 mentions)
Fetal calf serum (fcs), by Welgene (1 mentions)
8 protocols using berberine chloride hydrate
1
Berberine-Zinc Compound Synthesis
2
Berberine Chloride Hydrate Preparation
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Berberine chloride hydrate (BBR) was obtained from Sigma–Aldrich, Poznan, Poland. Stock solutions of BBR (50 mM) were prepared by dissolving BBR in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma–Aldrich, Poznan, Poland.) The fresh stock was prepared before each experiment. U0126 stock (Invivogen, Toulouse, France), a specific inhibitor of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), was dissolved in DMSO (25 mM), aliquoted and stored at −20 °C.
3
Berberine Chloride Hydrate TNBC Cell Culture
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Cell culture reagents were all purchased from Life Technologies (Camarillo, CA, USA). All human TNBC and the immortalized breast epithelial MCF10A cell lines were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Cell lines were authenticated in 2018 and they do not exceed 15 passages in cell culture. Berberine chloride hydrate ≥90% was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint-Louis, MO, USA).
4
Berberine Chloride Hydrate Acquisition Protocol
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Berberine chloride hydrate (CAS Number: 633-65-8) was bought from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
5
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Protocol
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MICs were determined by broth microdilution according to CLSI guidelines (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2020 ) for the following antibiotics (potency and origin): amikacin (Amukin 500 mg/2 ml for injection, S.A. Bristol-Myers Squibb, Belgium), azithromycin (100%, SMB, Brussels, Belgium), ceftazidime (2 g for IV injection, 72.5%, PAN Pharma, Luitré, France), chloramphenicol (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), ciprofloxacin (98%, Fluka, Sigma-Aldrich), colistin sulfate salt (79.6%, Sigma-Aldrich), doxycycline hyclate (86.6%, Sigma-Aldrich), meropenem (500 mg powder for solution for injection or infusion, 92%, Hospira UK Ltd., Hurley, United Kingdom), piperacillin (94.2%, Sigma-Aldrich, Maryland Heights, MO), temocillin (84%, Eumedica Pharmaceuticals, Manage, Belgium), ticarcillin disodium salt (85.2%, Sigma-Aldrich), and tobramycin (100%, Teva, Wilrijk, Belgium). Tazobactam sodium salt (92.4%, Cubist Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, MA) and avibactam (99.6%, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Waltham, MA) were used as inhibitors for β-lactamases. Berberine (chloride hydrate, 82.1%; Sigma-Aldrich), known to attenuate the MexXY-OprM/OprA-mediated aminoglycoside resistance in P. aeruginosa (Morita et al., 2016 (link)), was used to reduce AxyXY-OprZ activity.
6
Quantitative Analysis of Simvastatin and Berberine
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Berberine chloride hydrate (14050), potassium carbonate (P5833), sodium hydroxide (S8045) and chloroform (650498) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Pharmaceutical compounding grade isopropyl myristate (8170662500) and polysorbate-20 (8170721000) were purchased from EMD-Millipore. Simvastatin (SIM, S485000), simvastatin hydroxy acid (SHA, S485020), d6-simvastatin (d6-SIM, S485002), d6-simvastatin hydroxy acid (d6-SHA, S485022), and d6-berberine hydrochloride (d6-BBR, B318152) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals. Methanol (MX0488-1), water (Millipore-HPLC grade), and sodium borohydride (71321) were purchased from VWR. The transdermal base cream DelivraSR (13750–2) is manufactured by Delivra Corp. and is available commercially for compounding purposes.
7
Silibinin's Efflux Pump Inhibition
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The efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) property of silibinin was tested in wild-type Bacillus subtilis 168 (DSM 402). Silibinin (CAS No. 22888-70-6) and berberine chloride hydrate (CAS No. 141433-60-5) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Silibinin and berberine solutions were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Duchefa, Netherlands).
8
Berberine Inhibits Melanogenesis via ERK/AKT/GSK3β Pathway
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Berberine chloride hydrate, mushroom tyrosinase, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA), PD 98059 (ERK inhibitor), BIO (GSK3β) and 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). LY 294002 (PI3K inhibitor) was purchased from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal calf serum, trypsin EDTA, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Welgene, Inc. (Daegu, Korea). Antibodies specific to tyrosinase and β-actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (USA). Antibodies specific to phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), phospho-AKT, GSK3β and β-catenin were from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA).
Cell cultures. The B16F10 melanoma cells were purchased from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection; Manassas, VA, USA). The cells were maintained at 37˚C in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2 in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 10 µg/ml streptomycin.
Cell cultures. The B16F10 melanoma cells were purchased from ATCC (American Type Culture Collection; Manassas, VA, USA). The cells were maintained at 37˚C in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO 2 in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum, 100 U/ml penicillin and 10 µg/ml streptomycin.
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