Phthalic acid

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Phthalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid used as a raw material in the production of various chemicals and materials. It serves as a precursor for the synthesis of a wide range of compounds, including plasticizers, resins, and dyes. Phthalic acid is a colorless, crystalline solid with a distinct odor. Its primary function is as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing processes.

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Lab products found in correlation

19 protocols using phthalic acid

Mushroom Tyrosinase Inhibition Assay

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Mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), l-tyrosine, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), kojic acid, phthalic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), streptomycin, and amphotericin were purchased from WELGENE Inc. (Gyeongsan-si, South Korea). All other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Jung H.J., Noh S.G., Park Y., Kang D., Chun P., Chung H.Y, & Moon H.R. (2019). In vitro and in silico insights into tyrosinase inhibitors with (E)-benzylidene-1-indanone derivatives. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal, 17, 1255-1264.

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Electrochemical Characterization of Pharmaceutical Compounds

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Copper(II) Carbonate Basic (>95%), Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate (>99.95%), Phthalic Acid (>98%), Sodium Hydroxide (>99.5%), D-Glucose, Paracetamol, Dopamine Hydrochloride (all—European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard), PBS buffer, Nafion (5 wt% solution) and Ammonia (32% aqueous solution) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. (Darmstadt, Germany), Sodium Hydrogen Phthalate (> 99%) was supplied by Advanced Technology & Industrial Co., Ltd. (Hong Kong, China). All the reagents were used without further purification.

Gladnev S.V., Grigoryev M.V., Kryukova M.A., Khairullina E.M., Tumkin I.I., Bogachev N.A., Mereshchenko A.S, & Skripkin M.Y. (2021). Structures, Bonding and Sensor Properties of Some Alkaline o-Phthalatocuprates. Materials, 14(19), 5548.

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Purification and Characterization of Organic Compounds

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All deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q2 system and exhibited a specific resistance of at least 18 MΩ cm. Methanol (99.8%) and 1-pentanol (≥99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI), as were tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOABr) (98%), tetraoctylammonium chloride (TOACl) (≥97%), menthol (99%), and decanoic acid (98%). All were employed without further purification. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (Optima™ grade), acetone (Optima™ grade), 1-propanol (HPLC grade), 1-butanol (HPLC grade), and hexane (HPLC grade), were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA), while standard (0.100 N) sodium hydroxide solution was obtained from Ricca Chemical Company (Batesville, IN). Ethanol (≥99.5%) was purchased from Decon Labs Inc. (King of Prussia, PA). For liquid scintillation counting (LSC), Ultima Gold™ (Perkin Elmer Corp., Waltham, MA) LS cocktail was employed.
With the exception of phenol (Moravek Biochemicals, Brea, CA) and toluene (American Radiolabeled Chemicals, St. Louis, MO), all ¹⁴C-labeled reagents (aniline, benzoic acid, chlorobenzene, phthalic acid, p-toluic acid, and salicylic acid) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.

Kaul M.J., Qadah D., Mandella V, & Dietz M.L. (2019). Systematic evaluation of hydrophobic deep-melting eutectics as alternative solvents for the extraction of organic solutes from aqueous solution. RSC Advances, 9(28), 15798-15804.

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Seed Germination and Phytochemical Analysis of Watermelon Varieties

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Waste onion bulbs were obtained from local growers and supermarkets. The seeds of diploid (Riverside) and triploid (Maxima) watermelon varieties obtained from Origene Seeds Ltd., Giv’aat Brener, Israel. Abscisic acid (ABA), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), gibberellic acid (GA), jasmonic acid (JA), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), salicylic acid (SA), zeatin (ZA), and phenolic acids (4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, caffeic acid, phthalic acid, protocatechuic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid) were procured from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 12-oxo phytodienoic acid (OPDA) purchased from Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) was obtained from Chem-Impex Int’l. Inc. (Bensenville, IL, USA).

Kasote D.M., Lee J.H., Jayaprakasha G.K, & Patil B.S. (2021). Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles as Safer Seed Priming Agent to Improve Chlorophyll and Antioxidant Profiles in Watermelon Seedlings. Nanomaterials, 11(4), 1016.

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Luria-Bertani Broth (LB) Preparation

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Chemicals for the Luria-Bertani Broth (LB) culture medium were obtained from Difco (Lawrence, Kansas, USA). (NH₄)₂SO₄, KH₂PO₄, CaCl₂•7H₂O, MgSO₄•7H₂O, Na₂HPO₄ and FeSO₄•7H₂O, BaP, pyrene, anthracene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, phthalic acid, salicylic acid, catechol; palmitic, oleic and stearic acids, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Luria-Bertani Broth (LB) was purchased from Difco (Lawrence, Kansas, USA). All the chemicals were of analytical grades.

Nzila A., Musa M.M., Sankara S., Al-Momani M., Xiang L, & Li Q.X. (2021). Degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by halophilic bacterial strain Staphylococcus haemoliticus strain 10SBZ1A. PLoS ONE, 16(2), e0247723.

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GC-MS Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

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Methanol (MeOH), chloroform (CHCl₃), n-hexane, and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Methoxyamine hydrochloride, N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA), pyridine, normal alkane standards (C7–C30), isopentanol, ribitol, and standards of phenolic compounds (including apigenin, isorhamnetin, naringenin, hyperoside, luteolin, quercetin, quercitrin, myricetin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, protocatechuic acid, resveratrol, and phthalic acid) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA).

Liu J., Liu L., Guo W., Fu M., Yang M., Huang S., Zhang F, & Liu Y. (2019). A new methodology for sensory quality assessment of garlic based on metabolomics and an artificial neural network. RSC Advances, 9(31), 17754-17765.

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Phthalate and Alcohol Compound Preparation

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Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), benzyl alcohol, 1-butanol, benzaldehyde, butanal, benzoic acid (BA), butyric acid, phthalic acid (PA), protocatechuic acid (PCA), and other phthalate diesters were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Germany). Catechol was purchased from Merck (Germany). Methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, both analytical and HPLC grade, were purchased from Merck (India). All other chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade and used without further purification.

Basu S., Dhar R., Bhattacharyya M, & Dutta T.K. (2023). Biochemical and Multi-Omics Approaches To Obtain Molecular Insights into the Catabolism of the Plasticizer Benzyl Butyl Phthalate in Rhodococcus sp. Strain PAE-6. Microbiology Spectrum, 11(4), e04801-22.

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Phthalic Acid-Triethylenediamine Hexahydrate Nanoparticles

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Phthalic acid and triethylenediamine hexahydrate were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich and used as received. All reagents were used as received without further purification. Deionized water was used throughout the experiment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was performed on an FT-IR Nicolet 380 spectrometer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations were performed on Tecnai G2 F20 S-TWIN. Fluorescence emission spectra were obtained using a FluoroMax-4 Spectrofluorophotometer (HORIBA JobinYvon) at 298 K. The time-resolved fluorospectroscopy was performed using an FLS 920 spectrometer. HeLa cells lines were purchased from Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Yu T., Wang H., Guo C., Zhai Y., Yang J, & Yuan J. (2018). A rapid microwave synthesis of green-emissive carbon dots with solid-state fluorescence and pH-sensitive properties. Royal Society Open Science, 5(7), 180245.

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Leachate characterization and analysis

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Leachate was prepared using DEP (>98%), phthalic acid (>98%), phthalic anhydride (>99%), 4-hydroxy phthalic acid (>98%) (Sigma Aldrich, USA), potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP), glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆), ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄), ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), copper sulfate (CuSO₄), lead nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂), nickel sulfate (NiSO₄), potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇), manganese sulfate (MnSO₄), zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), propionic acid (C₃H₆O₂), pentanoic acid (C₅H₁₀O₂), and hexanoic acid (C₆H₁₂O₂) (Holland Moran, Israel). Analytical grade H₂O₂ (30% w/w) was obtained from Merck Chemicals (USA). Stock solutions were prepared by dissolving each compound in deionized water (Direct-Q3 UV System, Millipore, France). COD test kits with a measuring range of 0 to 15,000 mg/L O₂ were purchased from Lavibond (England), and were based on the dichromate method and determination in a Hach spectrophotometer. The UV absorbance coefficients of the samples with different H₂O₂ concentrations were measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Varian, Cary 100BIO, Australia). Spectra were collected in quartz cuvettes using a wavelength range of 200–800 nm.

Mohan S., Mamane H., Avisar D., Gozlan I., Kaplan A, & Dayalan G. (2019). Treatment of Diethyl Phthalate Leached from Plastic Products in Municipal Solid Waste Using an Ozone-Based Advanced Oxidation Process. Materials, 12(24), 4119.

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Tyrosinase-Inhibitory Assay Protocol

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Mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), l-tyrosine, l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), kojic acid, phthalic acid and trans-cinnamic acid were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, 0.25% trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and amphotericin were purchased from WELGENE Inc. (Gyeongsan-si, South Korea). All other reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All other chemicals and solvents were purchased from Merck (Frnakfurt Str., Darmstadt, Germany), Fluka (St. Louis, Mo, USA) and Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise stated.

Jung H.J., Noh S.G., Ryu I.Y., Park C., Lee J.Y., Chun P., Moon H.R, & Chung H.Y. (2020). (E)-1-(Furan-2-yl)-(substituted phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one Derivatives as Tyrosinase Inhibitors and Melanogenesis Inhibition: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. Molecules, 25(22), 5460.

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