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24 protocols using mgso4

1

Synthetic Wastewater Bioreactor Protocol

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Synthetic wastewater with glucose, urea, and KH2PO4 (Shanghai Aladdin, China) was used as an organic influent substrate. The basic chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration was 3 g/L (3 kg/m3), and the ratio of COD:NH4+N:PO43P was 200:5:1. An amount of the trace elements as inorganic nutrient were supplemented as follows (in mg/L): CaCl2∙2H2O 330, CuSO4∙5H2O 250, EDTA 5000, CoCl2∙6H2O 240, NiCl2∙6H2O 190, MnCl2∙4H2O 990, H3BO4 14, NH4MoO4∙4H2O 9, ZnCl2 20, FeCl3∙5H2O 250, and MgSO4 500 (Sinopharm, China). The effluent pH was maintained at 7.0 ± 0.4 by adding and adjusting the dosage of NaHCO3 (Sinopharm, China).
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2

Pesticide Analysis Using Sin-QuEChERS Nano Cartridges

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Pesticide reference standards (purity > 95%) in this study were provided by the China Agricultural University (Beijing, China).
Methanol, acetonitrile and HPLC grade acetone were purchased from Fisher Chemicals (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Analytical grade formic acid (88%), NaCl (99.5%) and MgSO4 (98%) were purchased from Sino-pharm Chemical Reagent (Beijing, China). PSA was purchased from Agilent Technologies (Palo Alto, CA, USA).
Two types of Sin-QuEChERS nano cartridges (Figure 1) with different proportions of sodium sulfate (NaSO4), MgSO4, C18, PSA, MWCNTs and GCB were provided by Lumiere Technologies (Beijing, China). Sin-QuEChERS nano cartridge A: 15 mg MWCNTs + 90 mg PSA + 2 g NaSO4 + 0.6 g MgSO4; Sin-QuEChERS nano cartridge B: 15 mg MWCNTs + 90 mg PSA + 80 mg C18 + 80 mg GCB + 2 g NaSO4 + 0.6 g MgSO4.
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3

Synthesis of Tris(4-Bromophenyl)Triazine

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2,4,6-Tris(4-bromophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, n-BuLi, hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl), DBU, and triethylamine were purchased from Saan Chemical Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. Benzaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris(bromomethyl)benzene were purchased from Jilin Chinese Academy of Sciences-Yanshen Technology Co., Ltd. Mesitylene, 1,4-dioxane, acetone, chloroform (CHCl3), tetrahydrofuran (THF), N,N-dimethylformamide, sodium bicarbonate, sodium cyanide, n-hexane, n-BuOH, NaOH, EtONa, Cs2CO3, piperidine, pyridine, 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and MgSO4 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Ultrapure water was prepared from the Millipore system (18.25 MΩ-cm). All the purchased reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
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4

Functional Nanomaterial-enhanced Ultrafiltration Membranes

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Polyethersulfone (PES) capillary ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with three channels (pure water permeability 161 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) were self-made and used as the substrate. Piperazine (PIP, GR) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Trimesoyl chloride (TMC, ≥98%) was purchased from Qingdao Benzo Chemical Co., China. Carboxyl-functionalized MWCNTs (purity > 95 wt%, –COOH content 3.86%, and outer diameter < 8 nm) were purchased from Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co. Ltd. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM, G4, Mw = 14 215 g mol−1, diameter = 4.4 nm) were provided by Weihai CY Dendrimer Technology Co., Ltd, China. N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC HCl) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Company (Shanghai, China) and used directly. Hexane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, sucrose, PEG 400, PEG 600, HCl (33.6–38.6%), HNO3 (65%), and salts including Na2SO4, MgSO4, MgCl2, NaCl, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCl3, CuCl2, CuSO4, Cu(NO3), and Pb(NO3)2 were of analytical grade and provided from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (China).
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5

Glycol Compounds Production Protocol

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Ethylene glycol (EG), 1,3-propylene glycol (1,3-PG), 1,4-butylene glycol (1,4-BG), 1,5-pentylene glycol (1,5-PG), 1,6-hexylene glycol (1,6-HG), GA, 3-HPA, 4-HBA, 5-HVA, 6-HCA, glutaric acid (GTA) and adipic acid (AA) were obtained from Aladdin Chemical Reagent Corporation (China). Yeast Extract was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sorbitol, MgSO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, (NH4)2SO4, and CaCO3 were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (China). All other chemicals were of analytical grade and were commercially available.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Sesame Allergen-Detecting Gold Nanoparticles

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Carboxyl-functionalized magnetic polystyrene microspheres (MPMs) were purchased from Beisile Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] carbodiimide (EDC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The BCA protein quanti cation kit was obtained from Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Chloroauric acid was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). White sesame seeds were purchased from Tianjin, China. Sesame allergen monoclonal antibody was prepared in our laboratory. CTAB, AA, Na 2 S 2 O 3 , NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , and MgSO 4 were purchased from Sinopharm Group Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). The commercial sesame allergen ELISA kit was purchased from Preibang Co., Ltd. (Shandong, China). β-Lactoglobulin was purchased from Jiangtian Chemical Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Peanut protein, walnut protein, casein, and lupin protein were prepared in our laboratory. Bread, biscuits, almond beverage, and energy bars were purchased from a supermarket from Tianjin, China.
A UV spectrophotometer and microplate reader were used to detect the absorbance of gold nanoparticles.
The TEM images of prepared AuNPs were obtained by a transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI Tecnai F20 SuperTwinFEG, USA, https://www.fei.com/).
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7

Adsorption of Hg(II) and Cr(VI) from Wastewater Using Steel Slag and Sawdust

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NaOH, HNO3 (68.0%), HCl (36.0%–38.0%), NaHCO3, NaCO3, CaCl2, Cd(NO3)2, K2Cr2O7, HgCl2, MgSO4, and NaCl were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. All reagents used in batch experiments were of analytical reagent grade and used as-received without any further purification. Steel slag (SS) samples were collected from Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Company, categorized as basic oxygen slag. SS samples were washed and dried at 50°C overnight and then these slags were smashed and passed through a 0.45-mm sieve. According to relevant literature, steel slag is an alkaline material; the chemical composition of steel slag was determined by XRF. The chemical composition (wt%) of SS is shown in Table 1. Sawdust was collected from a furniture company, located in Wuhan city, and this obtained pinewood sawdust was smashed and crushed through a 0.15-mm sieve. Practical Hg (II)-containing wastewater was collected from a local foundry industry, while polluted water containing Cr (VI) was gathered from an electronic industry in Wuhan city. Deionized water was applied through all the batch experiments, as 18.0 mΩ cm, generated by using a Milli-Q system.
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8

Selenite-Tolerant Bacillus paralicheniformis

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B. paralicheniformis SR14, a selenite-tolerated bacterial strain (CGMCC No. 13908), was identified and kept in our laboratory. Yeast extract and tryptone were purchased from OXOID (Hampshire, UK). Phosphate buffer powder (PBS), glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, NaCl, K2HPO4, and MgSO4 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Sodium selenite (CAS: 10,102-18-8) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). TRIzol reagent was purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA).
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9

Chemical Reagents for Microbial Cultivation

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Chemical reagents, including glucose, yeast extract, tryptone, sodium phosphate, citric acid, hydrochloric acid, and microbiological media, were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other chemical reagents, such as sucrose, Na2HPO4, (NH4)SO4, and MgSO4, were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All reagents used were of analytical grade and used without further processing and purification unless otherwise stated. All aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized distilled water.
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10

Polysulfone Membrane for Dye Removal

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The polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration (UF) substrate, with a MWCO of 30 kDa, were provided by Pureach Tech Ltd (Beijing, China). Polyethyleneimine (PEI, MW: 70 000 Da, 50 wt%), trimesoyl chloride (TMC, 98.0%), and isophthaloyl chloride (IPC, 98.0%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., China. n-Hexane and all inorganic electrolytes with AR grade, including ZnCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, CuCl2, MgSO4, NaCl, and Na2SO4, were purchased from SINOPHARM, China. The dyes, including cationic red X-GTL, rhodamine B, cationic gold yellow X-GL, and reactive brilliant blue KN-R, were obtained from Tianjin Longshengxiang Science and Technology Ltd., China. Fig. 1 shows the molecular structures of different dyes. Milli-Q water was used for the preparation and the permeation tests. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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