Each animal was given a GA as described. A midline incision using the same approach as used in stage 1 was made. The sternothyroid muscles were separated and an incision made in the thyroid cartilage down to the cricothyroid membrane. A rectangular piece of a cricothyroid cartilage (of a size similar to the implanted scaffold [Fig. 1B ]), together with the underlying soft tissue and the tip of the vocal folds, was removed, taking care to leave the remainder of the arytenoid cartilage and the conus elasticus intact. The seeded‐implanted de‐cellularized scaffold was assessed visually, and the luminal side of the scaffold was scraped to create a vascularized interface by making it bleed before a tissue‐engineered oral mucosal sheet was sutured with 4/0 Vicryl (Ethicon UK) to the luminal aspect of the scaffold (Fig. 1D ). The entire scaffold was parachuted into place; the mucosal aspect of the graft was sutured to the opposing side with 3‐0 Vicryl sutures (Ethicon UK), taking care not to disrupt the sutured oral mucosal sheet. The cartilage was sutured into place with 4‐0 Vicryl (Ethicon UK) (Fig. 1E ) and the skin closed, as described.
4 0 vicryl
Manufactured by Johnson & Johnson
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
4-0 Vicryl is a sterile, absorbable surgical suture material made from a copolymer of glycolic acid and lactic acid. It is designed for use in general soft tissue approximation and/or ligation, including use in pediatric cardiovascular tissue where growth and development are of concern.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Rompun, by Bayer (5 mentions)
4 0 monocryl suture, by Johnson & Johnson (3 mentions)
Opsite spray, by Smith & Nephew (3 mentions)
Zoletil 50, by Virbac (3 mentions)
Monocryl 4 0, by Johnson & Johnson (2 mentions)
Bio gide, by Geistlich Pharma (1 mentions)
3 0 vicryl sutures, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Isoflurane, by Baxter (1 mentions)
Rimadyl vet, by Orion Pharma (1 mentions)
Ob ob mice, by Jackson ImmunoResearch (1 mentions)
Dispase, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Collagenase type 2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dmem glutamax, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Hank s balanced salt solution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
3 0 vicryl, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
100μl syringe, by Hamilton Company (1 mentions)
2 0 vicryl, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Dermabond, by Johnson & Johnson (1 mentions)
Multipro 395, by Dremel (1 mentions)
Surgipro 2, by Medtronic (1 mentions)
70 protocols using 4 0 vicryl
1
Tissue-engineered Laryngeal Reconstruction
2
Surgical Repair of Anal Sphincter Complex
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The proposed anal sites were found using an electric neurostimulator. The sphincter muscle cut from the anterior aspect through a median perineal skin incision. Lone Star® Retractor Ring (Cooper surgical, INC., Trumbull, CT, USA) was used for dilation for the skin incision (please check this). The rectum was placed within the muscle complex with the help of a muscle stimulator [Figure 1a ]. The sphincter muscle complex was sutured and wrapped with the anal canal using 4-0 VICRYL® (ETHICON, INC., Somerville, NJ, USA) [Figure 1b and c ]. Dissection of the rectum from the adjacent structures was performed to achieve tension-free positioning in the centre of the sphincter complex. The anal canal and skin were sutured using 4-0 VICRYL®, and the perineal skin incision was sutured using 4-0 ETHILON® (ETHICON, INC.).
Oral intake was withheld for 24 h before surgery, and oral feeding was started based on the surgeons' decision. Depending on the condition of the perineal wound, the urinary catheter was removed after the 7th post-operative day.
Oral intake was withheld for 24 h before surgery, and oral feeding was started based on the surgeons' decision. Depending on the condition of the perineal wound, the urinary catheter was removed after the 7th post-operative day.
3
Craniofacial Defect Repair Protocol
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Surgical procedures were described in detail in a previous publication [19 (link)]. In brief, surgeries were performed under general anesthesia using inhalation of 2.5% isoflurane and intravenous injection of alfaxan (5 mg/kg). Before incision, surgical sites were disinfected with povidone iodine, and infiltration anesthesia was carried out using 2% lidocaine with 1:80,000 adrenaline. The incision was made along the midline of the calvarium from the frontal bone to the occipital bone, and a full-thickness flap was raised. Three circular defects were made with a trephine bur of 8 mm inner-diameter and each defect was treated as allocated by the study design. Flaps were repositioned and sutured with resorbable suture material (4-0 Vicryl, Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA). Sutures were removed one week after surgery. After two or eight weeks of healing, rabbits were sacrificed as allocated and specimens were obtained.
4
Biliary Cirrhosis Rat Model for IRI
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Rats in the BDL + T and BDL group underwent BDL surgery to induce biliary cirrhosis 14 days before the IRI experiment. After induction of general anesthesia by inhalation of 5 vol% isoflurane and 5 L/min oxygen (Abbott GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden, Germany) for approximately 2 min, anesthesia was maintained by reducing the isoflurane to 2 vol% with 2 L/min oxygen. Pre-operative prophylactic antibiotic treatment and analgesia were achieved by subcutaneous injection of cefuroxime sodium (g/kg/24 h; Cefuroxim, Fresenius Kabi GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany) and buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg/24 h) (Temgesic; EssexPharma, Munich, Germany) until 3 d after surgery. The abdomen was opened by a midline laparotomy. The common bile duct was identified and doubly ligated using 6-0 polydioxanone absorbable monofilament (PDS II; Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA). The abdominal wall was closed in two layers (both running suture for peritoneum and fascia and interrupting suture for skin with 4-0 Vicryl (Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany)).
5
Ozone Therapy and Facial Nerve Stimulation
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The facial nerve stimulation threshold was measured using a Nerve Integrity Monitor (NIM-2; Medtronic Xomed, Jacksonville, FL). Before crushing the nerve, the stimulation threshold of the facial nerve was measured in miliamper (mA) units. After crushing the nerve, the stimulation threshold of the facial nerve was re-measured, and the wound was closed in a single layer with 4-0 vicryl (Ethicon, Germany). After 30 days of ozone therapy, the facial nerves in the rats were once again exposed, and the nerve stimulation thresholds were measured. The results were compared with those of the control group.
6
Rabbit Calvarial Bone Defect Model
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The skin of the rabbit was incised from the nasal bone to the mid-sagittal crest, and the periosteum was elevated to expose the parietal bone. Two critical-size 10-mm diameter calvaria bone defects were prepared with a trephine under copious irrigation with sterile saline. Maximal care was taken to avoid injury to the dura mater. Allocation of the 5 applied treatment modalities, (1) NC, (2) DBBM, (3) α-TCP + DBBM, (4) BBCP_3 and (5) BBCP_6 (n = 6, each) was randomized according to the systematic random protocol (www.randomization.com (accessed on 17 January 2019)). The 600 μL of blood were collected from the auricular artery per animal. The 300 μL of blood were used to mix with each granule and implanted into a defect, and the 300 μL filled up into the NC. After implantation of the materials, the 12.5 mm × 13.0 mm-sized resorbable collagen barrier membrane (BioGide®, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland) was used to cover the defect sites. The wound was closed in two layers with interrupted sutures using 4–0 Vicryl® and 4–0 Monocryl® sutures (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA), respectively. Wound surfaces were further sealed with a spray film dressing (OPSITE® SPRAY, Smith & Nephew, London, UK).
7
Rat Calvaria Defect Repair Protocol
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The experimental protocols for the use of animals were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of CHA University (IACUC200120). At 8 weeks, Wistar rats, weighing between 190 and 230 g, were used in the study. The animals were anesthetized with an isoflurane (Terrell Isoflurane, Piramal Critical Care Inc., USA). The hair was shaved, and the exposed skin was sterilized with ethanol. Then, a sagittal incision was executed. A defect (ø5-mm and 1.5-mm thickness) was made on both sides of rat calvaria at a certain distance from the sagittal suture line using micro drill and trephine bur. The drilled calvarial disc was removed, and the scaffolds were implanted within the defect. The periosteum was closed with absorbable sutures (4-0 VICRYL, Ethicon Inc.), and the epidermis of implanted site was sutured with nonabsorbable sutures.
8
Subcutaneous Implantation of Decellularized Dermal Matrix in Mice
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The mice were anesthetized by inhaling 2.2% isoflurane (Hana Pharm. Co., Seoul, Korea) and 2 L/min of oxygen. The site was disinfected with povidone-iodine. After infiltration of 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine HCl (Huons®, Kyeongi-do, Korea) for local anesthesia, a 5 mm linear incision was made on both thighs of the mouse, and a subcutaneous dissection was performed to secure the space for the graft. To reduce the number of animals, 30 mg of DDM was grafted into the right subcutaneous pocket of the thigh, and 30 mg of 15 or 25DDM was grafted to the left. In this study, 20 nude mice were equally allocated to Group A (DDM and 15DDM; 5 mice for two and four weeks, respectively) and Group B (DDM and 25DDM; 5 mice for two and four weeks, respectively), respectively (Supplementary Figure S1 ).
After grafting, primary closure was achieved with 4-0 Vicryl (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA). Following surgery, postoperative care was performed with gentamicin (JW Pharm. Co., Seoul, Korea, 10 mg/kg, SC) and ketorolac tromethamine (Bukwang Pharm. Co., Seoul, Korea, 5 mg/kg, SC) daily for three days to reduce the pain and prevent infection. The site was disinfected with a povidone-iodine solution for one week.
After grafting, primary closure was achieved with 4-0 Vicryl (Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ, USA). Following surgery, postoperative care was performed with gentamicin (JW Pharm. Co., Seoul, Korea, 10 mg/kg, SC) and ketorolac tromethamine (Bukwang Pharm. Co., Seoul, Korea, 5 mg/kg, SC) daily for three days to reduce the pain and prevent infection. The site was disinfected with a povidone-iodine solution for one week.
9
Nonabsorbable Suture Removal Protocol
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Following the assigned period of immobilization (i.e. four weeks or eight weeks), a second procedure was performed on the experimental limbs to remove the nonabsorbable sutures prior to the remobilization period. Procedural preparation and anaesthesia were identical to those described above. A lateral thigh incision was performed at the site of the previous lateral incision and dissection carried down to the suture. The knot was cut using microsurgical scissors, the suture removed, and skin closed with absorbable suture (4-0 Vicryl, Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson). Following suture removal, animals were allowed to freely walk until time of sacrifice. Of note, we did observe some callus formation over the suture at the suture-femur interface, however this phenomenon was not seen at the suture-tibia interface. This is likely due to the force of the animal trying to extend its limb and gravitational forces applied to the femur.
10
Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model
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Rats were anesthetized using 4% isoflurane (Baxter) with 30% O2 in combination with the subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of 0.05 mg/kg buprenorfin (Temgesic; Indivior, 0.3 mg/mL) and 5 mg/kg karprofen s.c. (Rimadyl vet.; Orion Pharma Animal Health , 50 mg/mL). Animals were weighed, received 4 mL of normal saline s.c., and their eyes were covered with ointment (Oculentum simplex; APL). A longitudinal skin incision was made above the thoracic spine on the dorsal side of the animal. The muscles were carefully separated, and the spinal column was stabilized using bilateral fixators in a stereotaxic frame (Kopf 900&900-C). Laminectomy was performed using a surgical drill (Anspach eMax 2) at Th11. The rat was placed under a spinal cord impactor (Infinite Horizon, IH-0400), and a 200-kdyn contusion SCI was delivered. The skin was sutured using 4.0 Vicryl (Ethicon). Buprenorfin was administrated twice daily and karprofen once daily during the 3 days following surgery using the same doses given at induction. Urine bladders were manually compressed until the rats recovered reflexive bladder emptying. Rats were weighed weekly, and a maximum weight loss of 25% was accepted.
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