Triton x 100 tx 100

Alternariol (AOH) was purchased from Cfm Oskar Tropitzsch GmbH (Marktredwitz, Germany). 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and Triton-X100 (T-X100) were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris) were purchased from Reanal (Budapest, Hungary). HPLC grade acetonitrile was obtained from VWR (Debrecen, Hungary). Stock solution of AOH (5000 μM) was prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, spectroscopic grade; Fluka, NJ, US) and stored at −20 °C, protected from light.

Polymer and surfactant solutions were prepared from the commercially available reagent grade chemicals: sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Scharlau, Spain), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, BioChemica & AppliChem, Germany), Triton^®® X-100 (TX-100, Merck, Germany), Brij^®®-58 (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA), Tween-80 (Sigma Aldrich, USA), Cremophor^®® EL (Sigma Aldrich, USA), Pluronic^®® F-127 (Sigma Aldrich, USA), polyethylene glycol (PEG, M.W. 1000, Merck, Germany), poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP, M.W. 10000, Sigma Aldrich, USA), poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS, M.W. 70,000, Sigma Aldrich, Shanghai, China), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, M.W. 250,000, DS = 0.9, Acros Organics, France), poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA, M.W. < 100,000, Sigma Aldrich, USA), and bovine serum albumin (BSA, Sigma Aldrich, USA) using bidistilled water. Albumin was diluted with phosphate-buffered solution (PBS) with pH 7.4 and ionic strength of 10 мM. Micellar solutions were prepared with a concentration five times higher than the critical micelle concentration (cmc). Solubilization studies were performed according to the following procedure: 10 μL of the stock chlorin solution in DMSO was added under stirring to 3 mL of the solubilizer. The final system with C₁ ~ 5 μM was studied after equilibration for about 30 min.

Triton X-100 (TX100, Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, Purity > 95%), p-xylene (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, purity > 99.5%), n-nonane (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99%), ligroin (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99%), d-limonene (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99.5%), turpentine (Fidea s.p.a., Matelica (MC), Italy, purity N.A.), chloroform (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99%) were used as received, without further purification. Beeswax, paraffin and ceresin were purchased from CTS, Italy, and used as received. Sand (50–70 mesh particle size) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, aged slaked lime was purchased from La Banca della Calce s.r.l., Bologna, Italy. Japanese paper (9.6 g/m²), artificial ultramarine blue pigment and cellulose powder (Arbocel^® BC200, J. Rettenmaier & Sohne, Gmbh, Rosenberg, Germany) were purchased from Zecchi, Florence, Italy. Water was purified with a Millipore Milli-Q gradient system (resistivity > 18 MΩ cm).

The lipids 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol), sodium salt (POPG), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane, chloride salt (DOTAP), egg (chicken) sphingomyelin (SM), Ganglioside (Ovine Brain) (GM1) and cholesterol and the fluorescent probes 1-palmitoyl-2-6-[(7-nitro-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]hexanoyl}-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (NBD-PE) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl) (DPPE-Rh) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL). The fluorescent probe 1,1′-Dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-Tetramethylindocarbocyanine Perchlorate (DiI C18) was obtained from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA). Low-melting temperature agarose was obtained from Fischer Scientifics (Walthan, MA) and Cholera Toxin Subunit B (Recombinant) Alexa Fluor 488 Conjugate (CTB-Alexa) was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). The fluorescent dye sulforhodamine B (SRB), carboxyfluorescein (CF), the detergent Triton X-100 (TX-100) and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All chemicals were used without further purification. Milli-Q water was used throughout the work.

Dioleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC), and egg-yolk phosphatidylcholine (EPC lipids provided by NOF Co., Tokyo, Japan) were used for the preparation of GUV. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS, Wako Pure Chemical Co. Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was used as a solvent. Oligo-arginine (Rx, x = 4, 6, 8), used for the phase behavior of DOPC under equilibrium, were synthesized in the Fmoc-solid-phase manner at Imura laboratory. FITC-R8 (fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated with γ-aminobutyric acid as a linker to N-terminus of R8, synthesized at Futaki laboratory) was used for penetration study as CPP. Rhodamine B (Rho, 98% pure; Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., Tokyo, Japan) was used as the leakage marker. Triton-X100 (TX100, Sigma-Aldrich Inc., Missouri, USA) was used for the destruction of liposomes to examine the penetration ratio of FITC-R8 and leakage ratio of Rho.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO,
4000 kg/mol), PEDOT:PSS 1.3 wt % dispersion in water conductive grade,
ethylene glycol (99%), and Triton X-100 (TX100) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification for the production
of p-type fibers. Nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate (NiOAc₂) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich; polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, 145–180
kg/mol, 88% hydrolyzed) was purchased from Acros Organics for the
electrospinning of n-type precursor fibers. Methanol was purchased
from Fisher Scientific and thoroughly degassed with argon and dried
over 3 Å molecular sieves before use. 1,3,4,6-Tetrathiapentalene-2,5-dione
was purchased from TCI America and recrystallized from acetonitrile
before use, yielding light tan needle-like crystals. Sodium hydroxide
and glacial acetic acid were purchased from VWR BDH and used as received.
Crystalline iodine was used as received from Alfa Aesar.

Acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) as well as bovine serum albumin fatty-acid free (BSA), human insulin solution, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), Triton X-100 (TX-100), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced disodium salt hydrate (NADH), sodium pyruvate, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), sulfosalicylic acid solution (SSA), EthylenediaminetetraAcetic acid tetrasodium salt dihydrate (EDTA), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione reductase (GR), 2-vinylpyridine (2-VP), 5,5ʹ-Dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic Acid) (DTNB), Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K₂HPO₄), human insulin solution, metformin, and menadione. Ethanol and the Pierce bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Fremont, CA, USA). The Glucose Uptake-Glo assay kit was purchased from Promega (Leiden, The Netherlands).