Final volume renderings were performed using different 3D software packages, notably VGSTUDIO MAX 3.2.4 (Volume Graphics), Amira version 2019.6 and Dragonfly 2020.2.0. For all analyses, ImageJ version 2.1.0/1.53c Java 1.8.0_66 was used.
Vgstudio max 3
Manufactured by Volume Graphics
Sourced in Germany, United Kingdom
VGStudio MAX 3.0 is a comprehensive software application for the visualization and analysis of 3D data. It provides advanced tools for the processing and interpretation of volumetric data, including computed tomography (CT) scans and other imaging modalities.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ct pro 3d, by Nikon (6 mentions)
Xt h 225 st, by Nikon (4 mentions)
Xt h 225, by Nikon (3 mentions)
Alkaline phosphatase kit, by Solarbio (2 mentions)
μct50, by Scanco (2 mentions)
Med x alpha, by Nikon (2 mentions)
Avizo, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Avizo 8, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Inspexio smx 100ct, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Paraformaldehyde (pfa), by Wuhan Servicebio Technology (1 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Corning (1 mentions)
Amira 5, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Illustrator cs5, by Adobe (1 mentions)
Amira 6, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Jsm 7900f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Phoenix v tome x m scanner, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Hematoxylin eosin staining kit, by Solarbio (1 mentions)
Phoenix v tome x, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions)
Lext ols4000, by Olympus (1 mentions)
Multimetal target, by Nikon (1 mentions)
80 protocols using vgstudio max 3
1
3D Visualization Software Protocols
2
3D Visualization Software Comparison
3
Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Micro-CT Imaging
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To investigate orthodontic tooth movement, periodontal bone loss and bone density, µCT imaging (Phoenix vltomelxs 240/180, GE Healthcare, Solingen, Germany) was implemented. The programme VGSTUDIO MAX 3.2.4 (Volume Graphics GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) was used for evaluation. Jaws were aligned in the sagittal plane at the mesial root of the first molar, in the horizontal plane using the occlusal plane and in the vertical plane using the palatal suture as described before [26 (link)]. The smallest approximal distance between the first and second molars, periodontal bone loss and bone density were determined. All measurements were made both at the orthodontically treated (OTM) jaw side and on the control side. Periodontal bone loss was determined in the coronal plane using a vernier calliper (Abb. 4a). The reference points were the cemento-enamel junction and the upper edge of the alveolar bone. To measure the approximal distance between the first and second molars, the smallest distance between the convex sides of the enamel of the two teeth was determined in the sagittal plane. This was measured with a digital calliper. In order to determine bone density, a region of interest (ROI, 0.3 × 0.3 × 0.3 mm height × width × depth) was set interradicularly at the first molar. The region of interest was placed to not encompass the tooth roots nor the periodontal gap.
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3D Rendering of Scientific Samples
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The final volume renderings are performed using different 3D software packages, notably VGStudioMax 3.2.4 (Volume Graphics, Heidelberg, Germany), Amira v2019.6 and Dragonfly 2020.2.0
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Morphological Comparison of A. calva and A. ocellicauda
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To further assess the presence of morphological differences between A. calva and delimited A. ocellicauda, we scanned eight specimens of A. calva and 12 specimens of A. ocellicauda using high-resolution CT with a Nikon XT H 225 ST system. All scan parameters are provided in the electronic supplementary material, table S1. Volume rendering was performed in VGStudio MAX 3.5.1 (volumegraphics.com). We used ImageJ to take digital measurements of CT scans digitally rendered in VGStudio MAX 3.5. Measurements were taken of the maximum depth and length of the subopercle and interopercle (IO), as well as of the number of alveoli in the dentary tooth row. All plots were made using ggplot2 in RStudio.
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Micro-CT Analysis of Rat Maxillary Incisor Regeneration
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The maxillaries were collected and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Servicebio) for 24 h. Then, root resorption and PDL regeneration were analyzed using a micro‐CT scanner (AX2000, Always Imaging, Shanghai, China) with a resolution of 12.5 µm, an energy of 90 kV, and a current of 80 µA. After scanning, the obtained images were analyzed and three‐dimensionally reconstructed using the software VG studio MAX 3.5.1 (Volume Graphics, Heidelberg, Baden‐Württemberg, Germany). After the 3D reconstruction of rat maxillary incisors by software, the degree of root resorption was calculated as the root resorption area/total root area (100%) measured by the software. Since the PDL of rat incisors exists only on the lingual side,[87 (link)
] the region of interest (ROI) was defined as the lingual area between the root and alveolar bone to reconstruct the PDL model. The ROI of each sample was analyzed to determine the area (mm2) and volume (mm3) of reconstructed PDL tissue.
] the region of interest (ROI) was defined as the lingual area between the root and alveolar bone to reconstruct the PDL model. The ROI of each sample was analyzed to determine the area (mm2) and volume (mm3) of reconstructed PDL tissue.
7
Micro-CT Analysis of Peri-Implant Bone
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A micro X-ray 3D imaging system (Y.Cheetah, YXLON, Germany) was used to scanning the peri-implant bone structure, in the regime 55.6 μA and 90 kV. The isotropic resolution of scanning is 9 μm. Raw data were imported into VG Studio MAX 3.0.2 (Volume Graphics, Germany) and reconstructed via beam hardening correction and ring artifact elimination. The region of interest (ROI) was selected as a 72 μm thick shell appressed with the implant surface (Supplementary Figure 2 ). Such ROI contained all cancellous bone in contact with implant surfaces, which could reflect the three-dimensional bone-to-implant contact. Then the BV/TV, BS/BV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, and Tb.Sp of each sample was calculated based on the ROI to detect the amount, morphology, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, and trabecular number, respectively, according to the bone histomorphometry guide by The Histomorphometry Nomenclature Committee of The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (Dempster et al., 2013 (link)).
8
Microstructural Analysis of Porous Biomaterials
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The porosity of PBC, PGBCs, and PGBCm was analysed using micro-CT scanning. The samples were prepared by mixing the cement at a ratio of 1 g: 0.5 mL at room temperature followed by water absorption in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, Corning, NY, USA). Thereafter, the samples were dried and scanned using a micro-CT imaging system (AX2000, Always Imaging, China) at a solution of 3.8 μm, 90Kv, and 70 μA. The obtained CT data were reconstructed and analysed using the software VGstudio MAX 3.0.2 (Volume Graphics, Heidelberg, Germany). A cylindrical volume of interest (VOI) with 6 mm in height and 4 mm in diameter was selected to quantitatively analyze the porosity and the pore size.
9
Rabbit Femoral Condyle Micro-CT Analysis
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The left femoral condyle was harvested from rabbits euthanized at 4 and 16 weeks after implantation, and the femur was prepared using a bone saw (Ameritool, CA, USA) to retain the femoral condyle for micro-CT scanning, which was performed using a FeinFocus X-ray system (YXLON, Hamburg, Germany) at 90 kV and 50 μA. Thereafter, the obtained CT data were processed using VGstudio MAX 3.0.2 (Volume Graphics, Heidelberg, Germany). After the femoral condyle was reconstructed, the microarchitecture of the bone region of interest (ROI, 200 μm around the implanted materials) was compared among the three groups using parameters including the bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp).
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Femoral Head Micro-CT Analysis
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Femoral head samples were scanned using a Y. Cheetah micro-CT (Yxlon, Hamburg, Germany) at a voltage of 80 kV and a current of 62.5 mA. Scanning data were reconstructed and analyzed using VGStudio MAX 3.0 (Volume Graphics, Heidelberg, Germany).
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