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70 protocols using vacutainer k2edta tube

1

Isolation and Purification of PBMCs, LDNs, and NDNs

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PBMC was isolated using lympholyte CL5020 based on the manufacturer’s instruction (Cedarlane Laboratories). Briefly, 10 mL of whole blood from patients or controls was collected by venipuncture with 10 mL lavender BD Vacutainer K2EDTA tubes and mixed with 10 mL HBSS buffer before being layered onto 20 mL Lympholyte-H in a 50 mL Falcon tubes. The Falcon tube was centrifuged at 500g for 20 minutes at room temperature (RT) with the brake off. Buffy coat was collected, topped with 40 mL HBSS buffer and centrifuged at 500g for 10 minutes at RT with the brake on to remove platelets. A total of 10 mL Ack lysis buffer (RBC cell lysis buffer; Thermo Fisher Scientific) was added to the cell pellet, incubated for 5 minutes at RT, and subsequently centrifuged at 500g for 5 minutes at RT to remove RBCs. The cell pellet was resuspended in 5 mL RPMI 1640 complete media (MilliporeSigma) for downstream experiments. LDNs were isolated and purified from PBMC by FACS based on the gating strategy illustrated in Supplemental Figure 1A.
NDNs were enriched by directly adding 20 mL of Ack lysis buffer to the bottom RBC layer after the buffy coat and lympholyte media were removed from the 50 mL falcon tube. Further purification of NDNs was performed by FACS based on the gating strategy illustrated in Supplemental Figure 1A.
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2

Fetal-Placental Unit Analysis

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On GD 19, a midline incision was made and uterine horns with fetuses exteriorized. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta into Vacutainer K2EDTA tubes (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), spun at 2500 rpm for 12 min at 4°C, and plasma stored at −20°C. It was ensured that each fetus and matching placenta were weighed and recorded as individual fetal-placental units. Average fetal and placental weights were calculated per rat then averaged for each experimental group. Total viable or resorbed fetuses were noted. Percent fetal resorption = (number of resorbed fetuses/total number of fetuses)*100. Placental sufficiency = average viable fetal weight/average placental weight for each dam, as a surrogate measure of the nurturing capacity of the placenta, as previously described in humans 29 (link).
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3

Prospective Collection of NSCLC CTCs

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A total of 46 NSCLC patients at Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SCGH) and Fiona Stanley Hospital (FSH) in Perth, Western Australia, were prospectively recruited between August 2018 and October 2021 before commencing treatment. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients and procedures were approved by Human Research Ethics Committees at Edith Cowan University (No. 18957) and Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (No. 2013-246, RGS0000003289) in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Experiments were conducted per institutional and national guidelines and regulations. For CTC quantification, at least 8 mL of blood from each subject was collected in vacutainer K2EDTA tubes (BD Biosciences, East Rutherford, NJ), following the collection of a serum tube to remove any potential contaminating epithelial or endothelial cells. Samples were processed within 6 h of blood collection.
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4

Plasma Preparation for miRNA Analysis

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The blood samples were processed according to a standardized operating procedure to collect plasma for miRNAs analysis. The blood was drawn in BD Vacutainer K2-EDTA tubes and processed within 2 h from collection.
The whole blood was separated into plasma and cellular fractions by centrifugation at 1,800g for 10 min at room temperature; plasma was collected in RNAse-free tubes and further centrifuged at 1,200g for 20 min at 10°C to completely remove contaminant cells. Finally, plasma samples were aliquoted to avoid freeze–thaw cycles and finally stored at −80°C up to the RNA extraction.
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5

Fetal-Placental Development in Rats

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On gestational day 19, rats were anesthetized with 2–4% isoflurane then a midline incision was made and uterine horns with fetuses exteriorized. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta into Vacutainer K2EDTA tubes (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), spun at 2500 rpm for 12 min at 4°C, and plasma stored at -20°C. It was ensured that each fetus and matching placenta were weighed and recorded as individual fetal-placental units. Average placental and fetal weights were calculated per rat and then averaged for each experimental group. Placental sufficiency = average viable fetal weight/average placental weight for each dam as a surrogate measure of the nurturing capacity of the placenta, as previously described in humans [19 (link)]. Total viable fetuses were noted. Percent fetal resorption = (number of resorbed fetuses/total number of fetuses)*100. Immediately following removal of tissues and blood, all animals were killed under isoflurane anesthesia by thoracotomy and removal of the heart.
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6

Circulating Tumor Cells in Uveal Melanoma

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Thirty patients with primary UM from the Lions Eye Institute and Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, were enrolled in the study between March 2014 and November 2016. UM was diagnosed by clinical and ultrasound examination performed by a specialist ophthalmologist to evaluate the size and location of the intraocular tumor, including the presence of ciliary body involvement. Peripheral blood samples were taken from 30 patients before radiation plaque insertion or enucleation. Eight patients with metastatic UM were recruited from oncology outpatient clinics at Sir Charles Gardner and Fiona Stanley Hospitals. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients under approved Human Research Ethics Committee protocols from Edith Cowan University (No. 11543) and Sir Charles Gardner Hospital (No. 2013-246), Western Australia. For CTC quantification, blood was collected in Vacutainer K2 EDTA tubes (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ), stored at 4°C, and processed within 24 hours. Plasma was isolated by double centrifugation at 1,600 g for 10 minutes and stored at −80°C.
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7

Maternal-Offspring Plasma and Milk Sampling

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Samples of maternal plasma, lamb plasma and milk were collected into Vacutainer K2 EDTA tubes (BD, New Jersey, NJ) from each ewe-lamb pair (n = 13) on day 34 after birth in May 2021. Samples were obtained between 8:00 and 9:30 a.m. in the mornings. For each ewe-lamb pair, breast milk was obtained first, followed by blood sampling from the ewes and then from the lambs one after the other, on the same day. Prior to milk collection, teats were cleaned with wet gauze and milk was hand expressed into collection tube once milk flow was established. Collection of each set of samples was completed prior to moving to the next ewe-lamb pair. This period corresponds to the peak lactation period when ewes typically reach maximum milk production54 (link). Blood was drawn by jugular venipuncture and plasma was harvested from collected blood samples and stored as aliquots at -80 °C. Untreated fresh milk (5 mL) was stored at − 80 °C until the time of analysis.
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8

Maternal Physiological Evaluations in Rats

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On GD 19, untreated and rhPlGF-treated WT and MC4R-def rats were anesthetized with 2–4% isoflurane. Maternal body mass was recorded. A midline incision was used to exteriorize the uterine horns with fetuses. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta into Corvac Integrated Serum Separator Tubes (Covidien, Dublin, Ireland) and Vacutainer K2EDTA tubes (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), spun at 2500 rpm for 12 min at 4°C, and serum and plasma were stored at −20°C. Thoracic aortas and the small mesenteric artery arcade, which included primary, first-, second-, third-, and fourth-order arteries, were isolated in physiological saline solution (PSS). Kidney glomeruli were isolated in PSS from both kidneys by progressive sieving of cortical tissue through 150, 106, and 75 μm screens. Tissue samples were immediately snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80°C.
Retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (RWAT) was collected and wet weights recorded to assess visceral fat mass. As a measure of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), periaortic fat was collected from the thoracic aorta and normalized to the weight of each thoracic aorta as previously described [30 (link)]. Average fetal and placenta weights were calculated per rat then averaged for each experimental group.
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9

Fetal-Placental Development Evaluation

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On GD 19, a midline incision was made and uterine horns with fetuses exteriorized. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta into Vacutainer K2EDTA tubes (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ), spun at 644 g for 12 min at 4°C, and plasma stored at −20°C. It was ensured that each fetus and matching placenta were weighed and recorded as individual fetal‐placental units. Average fetal and placental weights were calculated per rat then averaged for each experimental group. Total viable or resorbed fetuses were noted. Percent fetal resorption = (number of resorbed fetuses/total number of fetuses)*100. Placental sufficiency = average fetal weight/average placental weight for each dam, as a surrogate measure of the nurturing capacity of the placenta, as previously described in humans (Hunt et al. 2016).
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10

Fetal-Placental Measurements in Pregnant Rats

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On gestational day 19, under isoflurane anesthesia, a midline incision was made and uterine horns with fetuses were exteriorized. Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta into Vacutainer K2EDTA tubes (BD, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA). The number of viable and reabsorbed fetuses in each animal was recorded along with individual fetus and placenta weights. Data presented are the combined averages from these measurements for each pregnant rat and total fetal and placental weights. Placental sufficiency was calculated as fetal weight divided by placental weight for each fetal-placental unit and then averaged for each pregnant rat; this is similar to the calculation for this measure in humans [20 (link)]. Retroperitoneal adipose tissue (including that fat from around the kidneys and adrenals) was weighed. Total body fat mass, lean body mass (both from EchoMRI) and retroperitoneal fat weight are presented as a percentage of maternal body weight (minus fetal and placental weights). Tibias were isolated and their lengths measured. Tissues were snap-frozen in liquid N2 until processed for biochemistry, as detailed below.
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