Diisopropylethylamine

Epsilon-poly-l-lysine (EPL; MW ~4000) was supplied by Wilshire Tech Inc. (Princeton, NJ). Succinic anhydride (SA), dipyrrolidino(N-succinimidyloxy)carbenium hexafluorophosphate (HSPyU), 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride (DMTMM), deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), bovine serum albumin (BSA), diisopropylethylamine (DIEA), ninhydrin, sodium acetate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), mercaptoacetic acid, bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid (BPS), ferric chloride, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), conc-HCl (12.1 M), acetone, ethyl acetate (EA), and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA), Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO), or Acros Organics (Morris Plains, NJ), and used without further purification.

The following chemicals were purchased from the following vendors: Sigma-Aldrich: sodium/potassium ATPase inhibitor ouabain, artemisinin, atovaquone, 4-(chlorosulphonyl)phenyl isocyanate, 4-nitro-sulphonyl-4-aniline and acetonitrile. Fisher Scientific: isopropanol, dimethylacetamide, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, diisopropylethylamine, 3-nitrobenzamidine, 3-aminobenzamidine; tin(II) dichloride dihydrate, formic acid, acetonitrile, 4-trifluoromethylaniline, 3-chloroaniline, 2-bromoaniline, 2-aminobenzonitrile, 2-bromo-4,6-difluoroaniline, 3-tri-fluoromethyl-4-chloraniline, 3-trifluoromethylaniline, 2-bromo-4-trifluoromethylaniline, 3,6-bis-trifluoro-methylaniline, 2,4-di-bromoaniline, butylamine, benzyl-amine, adamantylamine, oxalamide and sulphamide. Acros Organics: 4-aminosulfonamide, 3-isocyanatobenzonitrile, n-butylpiperazine, 4-hydroxypiperidine, piperazine, silica gel, 4-(4-bromophenylsulfonyl)aniline, 4-(4-nitrophenylsulfonyl)aniline, 4-(4-chlorophenylsulfonyl)aniline and methyl sulfoxide-d6. Maybridge Chemical Comp. Ltd.: 1,1-dioxo-1H-benzothiophen-6-ylamine, 4-benzene-sulphonylphenylamine and 3H-benzimidazol-5-ylamine. Molecular Probes: Fluo-4-AM, Pluronic F-127 and Probenecid. The sarco/ER calcium ATPase inhibitor CPA was purchased from Calbiochem.

All N-Fmoc- and orthogonally sidechain-protected amino acids, including Fmoc-S-acetamidomethyl-L-homocysteine, and peptide synthesis reagents were acquired from Chem-Impex Inc. (Wood Dale, IL, USA) and ChemPep. Fisher Scientific (Wellington, FL, USA) provided all of the solvents used, and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) provided the riisopropylsilane (TIPS). Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA) provided the diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) along with the metal salts used in the experiment described. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was purchased from Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). The Rink Amide resin was bought from Gyros Protein Technologies (Uppsala, Sweden). Acridine orange nonyl bromide was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Eugene, OR, USA). Dialysis cassettes (2000 Da MW cutoff) were purchased from Thermo Fisher.

The Rink Amide ChemMatrix resin, used in solid phase peptide synthesis, was commercially obtained from Pcas-Biomatrix Inc. (Quebec, QC, Canada). Fmoc-protected amino acids and O-benzotriazole-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyluraniumhexafluorophosphate (HBTU) were purchased from AAPPTec (Louisville, KY, USA), ChemPep, Inc. (Wellington, FL, USA), and Chem-Impex International (Wood Dale, IL, USA). Piperidine and diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) were procured from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Acetonitrile, triisopropylsilane (TIPS), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate were all obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dichloromethane (DCM), and methanol (MeOH) were purchased from AVANTOR (Center Valley, PA, USA) and Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA, USA). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA) was purchased from Mallinckrodt JT Baker (Hazelwood, MO, USA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) stubs, round glass coverslips, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids were obtained from Ted Pella, Inc. (Redding, CA, USA).

All N-Fmoc- and orthogonally sidechain-protected amino acids, including Fmoc-S-acetamidomethyl-L-homocysteine, and peptide synthesis reagents were acquired from Chem-Impex Inc. (Wood Dale, IL, USA) and ChemPep. Fisher Scientific (Wellington, FL, USA) provided all of the solvents used, and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) provided the riisopropylsilane (TIPS). Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA) provided the diisopropylethylamine (DIEA) along with the metal salts used in the experiment described. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was purchased from Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). The Rink Amide resin was bought from Gyros Protein Technologies (Uppsala, Sweden). Acridine orange nonyl bromide was purchased from Thermo Fisher (Eugene, OR, USA). Dialysis cassettes (2000 Da MW cutoff) were purchased from Thermo Fisher.