Advantage windows 4.2 volume viewer

Total fat and lean mass, and percent body fat, were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic Delphi QDR) by a certified technician. Whole body scans were acquired with the participant supine and aligned with the scanner table as prescribed by the manufacturer. A measure of lower body adiposity (leg-to-total fat mass) was calculated as fat mass in both legs divided by total body fat mass. Waist (minimal circumference) and hip (maximal gluteal protuberance) were measured in triplicate and averaged, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was calculated. Thigh muscle and adipose tissue composition was measured on a 64 slice CT scanner (LightSpeed PlusTM, General Electric Medical Systems, Milwaukee) located in the WFSM Center for Biomolecular Imaging. Thigh scans were conducted at 120 KVp, 350 mA, 10 mm helical with a pitch of 11.25 mm/rotation and a gantry speed of 0.8 s. Measurements were performed on set of slices covering 50 mm of distance from the head to foot (z-axis) of the participant with the volume centered at the junction of the proximal and middle third of the femur as measured from the scout topogram. The volume of muscle (lean) and adipose tissue was segmented and measured using the GE Healthcare, Advantage Windows 4.2 Volume Viewer (Waukesha, WI).