0.45 μm membrane filter

Manufactured by Cytiva

Sourced in United Kingdom, United States

The 0.45 μm membrane filter is a laboratory equipment designed for filtration purposes. It has a pore size of 0.45 micrometers, which allows it to filter out particles and contaminants from liquid samples. The core function of this filter is to separate and retain substances based on their size and physical properties.

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Lab products found in correlation

Whatman, by Cytiva (10 mentions) Waters 2695 separation module hplc system, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Empower software, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions) Capcell pak c18 ug120, by Shiseido (1 mentions) No 2 filter paper, by Cytiva (1 mentions) Whatman no 42, by Cytiva (1 mentions) Vivaspin 20 column, by Sartorius (1 mentions) Superdex 200 increase 10 300 size exclusion column, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Akta pure 25 fplc system, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) 7700 series, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Membrane filter (28 citations) Whatman 0.45 μm PTFE membrane filters (2 citations)

11 protocols using 0.45 μm membrane filter

Phospholipid Extraction from Butter and Whey

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To prepare the phospholipid-enriched component, butter serums powder A and B were
purchased from Corman (Limbourg, Belgium), and whey serum WPC60 and WPC70 were
purchased from Agropur Inc. (Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada). Polar lipids
extraction was performed using 85%, 90%, and 95% ethanol
solution (60 L), instead of water, and powdered butter serums or whey serums (10
kg). Extraction was performed for 5 h, with stirring at 80–100 rpm at
60°C. After extraction, the mixture was separated into filtrate and
precipitate using a 0.45 μm membrane filter (Whatman, Little Chalfont,
UK). The filtrate was concentrated using a forced thin-film evaporator (EYELA,
Tokyo, Japan). After concentration, the mixture was allowed to stand at
40°C for 30 min, and phospholipids and triacylglycerol were separated
into an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper layer was used as the enriched
polar lipid fraction.

Lee K., Kim A., Hong K.B., Suh H.J, & Jo K. (2020). Preparation and Characterization of a Polar Milk Lipid-enriched Component from Whey Powder. Food Science of Animal Resources, 40(2), 209-220.

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Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Antioxidants

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The HPLC apparatus was a Waters 2695 separation module HPLC system (Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA) equipped with a pump, an autosampler, a column oven, and a Waters 996 photodiode array detector. The analytical column was a Shiseido Capcell Pak C₁₈ UG120 (Shiseido, 4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5.0 μm, Tokyo, Japan). The column temperature was maintained at 30 °C. The mobile phase was composed of A (1% acetic acid in water) and B (methanol) with a gradient elution as follows: 0–20 min, linear from 10 to 65% A; 20–40 min, linear from 65 to 100% A; 40–45 min, maintained at 100% A; 45–47 min, linear from 100 to 10% A; and then finally, holding for 3 min. The mobile phase was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (Whatman, Amersham, UK) and degassed under vacuum. The flow rate was set 1.0 mL/min, and the injection volume was 20 μL. The antioxidants were determined at 284 nm. Data acquisition and remote control of the HPLC system were performed using Empower software (Waters Co., Milford, MA, USA).

Choi S.H., Jang G.W., Choi S.I., Jung T.D., Cho B.Y., Sim W.S., Han X., Lee J.S., Kim D.Y., Kim D.B, & Lee O.H. (2019). Development and Validation of an Analytical Method for Carnosol, Carnosic Acid and Rosmarinic Acid in Food Matrices and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Rosemary Extract as a Food Additive. Antioxidants, 8(3), 76.

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Microdilution Assay for MRSA Inhibition

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The MIC values of the extract were determined by microbroth dilution method according to Clinical Laboratory Standardization Institute [18 ] guideline with slight modifications. The aqueous extract was dissolved in sterile distilled water to a final concentration of 20 mg/mL and filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (Whatman, USA). Twofold serial dilution of the extract was prepared in a 96-well microtiter plate. An exponential phase of MRSA growth was diluted to obtain 10⁸ CFU/mL in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB) which originally contained 5 × 10⁵ CFU/mL bacterial culture incubated at 37°C for 16–20 hr. The MIC value was defined as the lowest concentration of the extract that inhibits the bacterial growth.

Khairon R., Zin N.M., Abdul Rahman M, & Basri D.F. (2016). Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Differential Proteins in Response to Aqueous Extract of Quercus infectoria Gall in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Proteomics, 2016, 4029172.

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Extraction and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds

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Approximately 1 g of powder sample was mixed with 25 mL of 80% MeOH. The soluble components were then extracted in 80°C hot water using a reflux condenser. The extract was filtered through filter paper No. 2 (Whatman, Maidstone, England) and vacuum-concentrated and subsequently dissolved in 10 mL of distilled water and filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter (Whatman), for use as samples for the analysis of total phenolic compound content. The total phenolic compound content was colorimetrically determined according to the Folin–Ciocalteu method using gallic acid [24] .

Lee M.H., Lee Y.C., Kim S.S., Hong H.D, & Kim K.T. (2014). Quality and antioxidant activity of ginseng seed processed by fermentation strains. Journal of Ginseng Research, 39(2), 178-182.

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Isolation and Purification of B. pseudomallei Phage

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Hemoculture bottles that were positive for B. pseudomallei were collected and kept at 4°C until phage isolation. After centrifugation at 8,000× g for 10 min, 10 mL of the hemocultures was aspirated and filtered through a 0.45-μm membrane filter (Whatman, United Kingdom) to remove cell debris. Then, the filtrated samples were stored at 4°C until phage screening by spot assay, following the method previously described by Clokie and Kropinski (2009) with some modifications. Essentially, 10 μL of the filtrate hemoculture samples were spotted onto the LB top agar (0.35%) containing B. thailandensis strain E174 before incubation at 37°C for 16–18 h. The next day, a single clear plaque was picked by using a sterile end-cut-yellow pipette tip. Then, the pipette tip was put into a microcentrifuge tube containing 1 mL of SM buffer (100 mM NaCl, 8 mM MgSO₄·7H₂O, 50 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.5) and swirled to release the piece of agar into the buffer. The collected sample was maintained at 4°C until the next step of purification by double agar overlay plaque assay.

Withatanung P., Janesomboon S., Vanaporn M., Muangsombut V., Charoensudjai S., Baker D.J., Wuthiekanun V., Galyov E.E., Clokie M.R., Gundogdu O, & Korbsrisate S. (2024). Induced Burkholderia prophages detected from the hemoculture: a biomarker for Burkholderia pseudomallei infection. Frontiers in Microbiology, 15, 1361121.

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Quantification of Isoflavones and Anthocyanins in Black Soybean Seeds

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To determine the isoflavone contents, the black soybean seeds were ground (230 mesh) and extracted with 50% methanol in a shaking incubator at 25 °C for 48 h (pulverized seeds: 1 g, 50% methanol: 20 mL). The crude supernatants were filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (Whatman Inc., Maidstone, USA) prior to HPLC analysis. To evaluate anthocyanins, the seed coats (0.5 g) were extracted with 1% HCl of 50% methanol (10 mL) for 3 days at 4 °C, in the dark, and then filtered through filter paper (Whatman No. 42). The mixture solution was filtered with a syringe filter (0.45 μm) before HPLC analysis. The preparation of calibration curves was conducted according to methods of preivous literatures (Cho et al., 2013 , Lee and Cho, 2012 ). In brief, the peak areas of the isoflavone and anthocyanin standards were integrated from the HPLC chromatograms at 254 nm (isoflavone) and 330 nm (anthocyanin), and plotted on the concentrations to create a linear curve. Each standard (2 mg) was prepared by dissolving in DMSO (isoflavone) and 0.1% TFA with DMSO (anthocyanin) to gain a 1 mg/mL concentration and their calibration curves were manufactured using eight concentrations (400, 200, 100, 50, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 μg/mL). All curves were obtained the high linearity (r² > 0.998).

Lee J.H., Seo E.Y, & Lee Y.M. (2023). Comparative investigation on variations of nutritional components in whole seeds and seed coats of Korean black soybeans for different crop years and screening of their antioxidant and anti-aging properties. Food Chemistry: X, 17, 100572.

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Dissolution Study of ROS Tablets

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In vitro drug release of different tablets of ROS (ROS1-ROS9) was studied using a USP type I dissolution apparatus (VDS, Hanson Research Co., Massachusetts; Chatsworth, USA) of simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2, 900 mL) was used as the dissolution medium. Each basket was charged with one tablet then the apparatus was operated at a speed of 100 rpm at 37 ± 0.5 °C. A 5 mL quantity of the samples was withdrawn at a predetermined time interval of 120 min and replaced with the same volume of fresh SGF. The sample was filtered through a Whatman 0.45 μm membrane filter and analyzed spectrophotometrically, at λ_max of 247 nm.

Elsayed M.M., Aboelez M.O., Mohamed M.S., Mahmoud R.A., El-Shenawy A.A., Mahmoud E.A., Al-Karmalawy A.A., Santali E.Y., Alshehri S., Elsadek M.E., El Hamd M.A, & Ramadan A.E. (2022). Tailoring of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Atenolol Bilayer Tablets for the Management of Hyperlipidemia Associated with Hypertension: A Preclinical Study. Pharmaceutics, 14(8), 1629.

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Purification of Recombinant Tetanus Toxin

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Recombinant TeNT was purified by NiSO 4 IMAC followed by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) on an AKTApure 25 FPLC system (GEHealthcare). Briefly, post-expression, cells were pelleted at 4500 × g for 15 m. Cell pellets were either stored at -80°C or immediately sonicated on ice in IMAC buffer (50 mM Tris, 300 mM NaCl, pH 8). Post-sonication cell lysate was cleared by centrifugation at 4,500 × g for 15-30 m at 4°C and the supernatant filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (Whatman). The sample, supplemented with 20 mM imidazole, was then applied to a 1 mL high purity Histrap NiSO 4 column (GEHealthcare) at 1 ml/min. The sample was washed and eluted with IMAC buffer supplemented with 20 mM and 300 mM imidazole, respectively. The eluted sample was concentrated, and buffer exchanged to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) using a Vivaspin20 column (50 kDa MWCO; Sartorious) as described by the manufacturer. Five hundred microlitres of sample was then applied to a Superdex 200 increase 10/300 size exclusion column (GEHealthcare) and eluted in PBS.

McLean T.R., Norbury L.J., Conduit R., Shepherd N., Coloe P.J., Sasse A., & Smooker P.M. (2020). Inactivated tetanus as an immunological smokescreen; a major step towards harnessing tetanus-based therapeutics.

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Membrane Filtration for Organic Extraction

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All samples were filtered using a 0.45 μm membrane filters (Whatmann) before extraction of the specified organic compounds.

Borjac J., El Joumaa M., Kawach R., Youssef L, & Blake D.A. (2019). Heavy metals and organic compounds contamination in leachates collected from Deir Kanoun Ras El Ain dump and its adjacent canal in South Lebanon. Heliyon, 5(8), e02212.

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Biofilm Dissolution and Elemental Analysis

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After 24 or 48 hours of incubation with the test dressings, the filter disc-supported single-species biofilms were placed separately into individual plastic sample tubes containing 10 mL of 1.2 M aqueous hydrochloric acid. Tubes were agitated for 10 minutes or until all of the residual biofilm had visibly dissolved. The resultant solutions were filtered through 0.45 μm membrane filters (Whatman) to remove any bacteria or dressing fibres and then assayed for solubilized potassium (K⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), and silver (Ag⁺) ions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Agilent Technologies 7700 Series).

Parsons D., Meredith K., Rowlands V.J., Short D., Metcalf D.G, & Bowler P.G. (2016). Enhanced Performance and Mode of Action of a Novel Antibiofilm Hydrofiber® Wound Dressing. BioMed Research International, 2016, 7616471.

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