Gadolinium

Manufactured by Bayer

Sourced in Germany

Gadolinium is a rare earth metal that is used in various types of laboratory equipment. It has a high magnetic moment and is commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents to enhance the visibility of internal structures in the body. Gadolinium is also used in other scientific and industrial applications, such as in the production of specialized magnets and as a catalyst in chemical reactions.

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Lab products found in correlation

Direct drive, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Warm air feedback system, by SA Instruments (1 mentions) Gd dtpa, by Bayer (1 mentions) Ingenia, by Philips (1 mentions) C3630, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Gadolinium-DTPA (4 citations) Gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (3 citations) Gadolinium contrast agent (2 citations)

5 protocols using gadolinium

Gadolinium-enhanced Cardiac MRI Imaging

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Finally, to identify the scar location and quantify its size, LGE images were acquired 8 min after intravenous infusion of gadolinium (0.8 mmol/kg; Magnevist Bayer, Germany). An inversion recovery gradient echo sequence with inversion time optimized to null the healthy myocardium signal was used with the following imaging parameters: TE 1.4 ms, TR one breathing interval, TI 280–370 ms, flip angle 90°, slice thickness 1 mm, no slice separation, FOV 40×40 mm², matrix size 192×192, NSA 2, and views per segment 2.

Qin X., Riegler J., Tiburcy M., Zhao X., Chour T., Ndoye B., Nguyen M., Adams J., Ameen M., Denney TS J.r., Yang P.C., Nguyen P., Zimmermann W.H, & Wu J.C. (2016). Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cardiac Strain Pattern Following Transplantation of Human Tissue Engineered Heart Muscles. Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging, 9(11), e004731.

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MRI-based Assessment of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability

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We anesthetized adult male rats with 2–3% isoflurane (ISO) for induction and 1.5–2% for maintenance during MR imaging. We monitored and maintained respiration and rectal temperature during MRI. Respiration was kept around 60 cycles/min, and a rectal temperature of 37.5 °C was maintained throughout the experiments using a warm-air feedback system (SA Instruments, Stony Brook, NY, USA). We collected MRI data on a Varian DirectDrive™ horizontal 4.7 T magnet using a 38-mm inner diameter transceiver coil (Doty Scientific Inc. Columbia, SC, USA). We acquired T1W images before and after gadolinium injection (Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Whippany, NJ, USA) for confirming BBB opening (3D spoiled gradient echo sequence, TR/TE = 9/2.37 ms, flip angle = 7°, number of excitations = 8, matrix size = 128 × 128 × 64, field of view = 32 × 32 × 16 mm³, resolution = 0.25 × 0.25 × 0.25 mm³, acquisition time of 9 min 50 s). To calculate BBBO opening volume, we took an ROI encompassing the BBB opened region. We, then, measured all the pixels with intensity of 2.5 times the standard deviation of the background and multiplied this number of voxels with the voxel volume. To visualize BBB opening, we identified the MRI plane with the greatest BBB opening surface area in the ROI above, normalized this area inside the ROI to the maximum, and overlayed the map onto the T1w images.

Singh A., Kusunose J., Phipps M.A., Wang F., Chen L.M, & Caskey C.F. (2022). Guiding and monitoring focused ultrasound mediated blood–brain barrier opening in rats using power Doppler imaging and passive acoustic mapping. Scientific Reports, 12, 14758.

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MRI Contrast-Enhanced T1-Weighted Imaging

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All MR examinations were performed on a 1. 0.9*1.12*3 mm, rec.res 0.9*0.9*3 mm, TR 0.6 s and TE 15 ms. The Axial T1w was performed both before and after contrast infection of 0.1 mmol/kg gadolinium (Bayer Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany).

Håkansson I., Tisell A., Cassel P., Blennow K., Zetterberg H., Lundberg P., Dahle C., Vrethem M, & Ernerudh J. (2017). Neurofilament light chain in cerebrospinal fluid and prediction of disease activity in clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. European journal of neurology, 24(5).

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Comprehensive Brain MRI Protocol

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All MR images were acquired during routine clinical work-up on 3.0 T clinical scanners (Siemens Magnetom Skyra/Trio TIM; GE Discovery MR750; Philips Ingenia). The brain imaging protocol at our institution included the following sequences: (a) axial and sagittal T1; (b) axial T2; (c) axial FLAIR; (d) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the corresponding ADC maps generated with the software incorporated into the MRI unit; (e) axial, sagittal, and coronal T1c obtained after intravenous administration of a 0.1 mmol/kg dose of Gadolinium-based contrast agent (Gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid [Gd-DTPA], Bayer Healthcare, Leverkusen, Germany, or Gadoteric Acid Meglumine Salt Injection, Hengrui Healthcare, Jiangsu, China). Details on MRI acquisition parameters are available in Supplementary material.

Yan J., Zhang S., Li K.K., Wang W., Li K., Duan W., Yuan B., Wang L., Liu L., Zhan Y., Pei D., Zhao H., Sun T., Sun C., Wang W., Liu Z., Hong X., Wang X., Guo Y., Li W., Cheng J., Liu X., Ng H.K., Li Z, & Zhang Z. (2020). Incremental prognostic value and underlying biological pathways of radiomics patterns in medulloblastoma. EBioMedicine, 61, 103093.

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CEST Phantom Preparation with Creatine

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We prepared a CEST phantom with creatine (CAS: 6020-87-7, C3630 SIGMA) and low gelling point agarose (CAS: 9012-36-6; gelling temperature 36° C; Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO). Briefly, we added 1% agarose to phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution doped with 30 μM gadolinium (Bayer HealthCare, Whippany, NJ). The mixture was microwave-heated until bubbles appeared and cooled to 50°C in a waterbath. We titrated its pH to 6.75 using a pH meter (EuTech Instrument, Singapore), and added creatine (Cr) to the gel solution to reach concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM, respectively. We transferred the Cr-gel solution at each concentration into separate 5 mm NMR tubes and let them solidify at room temperature. Afterward, the tubes were sealed and inserted into a phantom container filled with 1% empty gel.

Zhou I.Y., Wang E., Cheung J.S., Lu D., Ji Y., Zhang X., Fulci G, & Sun P.Z. (2017). DIrect Saturation-Corrected CEST (DISC-CEST) MRI of Glioma: Simplified Decoupling of Amide Proton Transfer (APT) and Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) Contrasts. Magnetic resonance in medicine, 78(6), 2307-2314.

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