Cremophor el35

8-MOP were purchased from Japharm (Nanjing, China). 8-MOP tincture (1 mg mL⁻¹ 8-MOP in ethanol–water) was purchased from Huapont Pharm (Chongqing, China). Isopropyl myristate, Cremophor EL35, and Cremophor RH40 were purchased from BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Ethyl oleate, oleic acid, oleoyl macrogolglycerides (Labrafil M 1944 CS), and medium-chain triglycerides were obtained from Gattefossé (France). Polyoxyethylene stearate (Solutol) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG₄₀₀) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). Cabomer-940 was purchased from Shin-Etsu Chemical Japan. Lactate chitosan (LC), carboxymethyl chitosan (CC), acetic chitosan (AC), and hydroxypropyl chitosan (HC) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent (Shanghai, China). 4,8,5′-Trimethylpsoralen (TMP) was purchased from Tauto Biotech (Shanghai, China). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol and acetonitrile were obtained from Tedia (Fairfield, OH, USA). Double-distilled water was used throughout the study. All other chemical reagents and solvents were of analytical grade.

PTX was obtained from Meilun Biotech Co. Ltd. (Dalian, China). Soybean phospholipid was obtained from Shanghai Advanced Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Oleic acid and ethyl oleate were obtained from Tianjin Hengxing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Glycerin, Cremophor EL35 (hydrogenated castor oil) and Labrafil M 1944CS (oleoyl macrogolglycerides) were obtained from BASF Corporation (Germany). Heparin sodium was obtained from Tianjin Bio-Chemical Pharmaceutical Factory. (Tianjin, China). All other chemicals and solvents utilized in this study were analytical HPLC grade.