Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC, Natrosol™ 250 MR) was supplied by Galeno (Firenze, Italy). Buffer solution (pH 6.8) simulating saliva was prepared by dissolving KCl (1.50 g), KSCN (0.54 g), NaH2PO4·H2O (0.50 g), NaHCO3 (1.50 g) and lactic acid (0.90 g) in 1 L of distilled water.
Phosphate Buffer Saline solution pH 7.4 (PBS) was prepared by dissolving 2.80 g of KH2PO4 and 20.5 g of Na2HPO4 in 1 L of distilled water. All these components were purchased from VWR International (Leuven, Belgium). Trehalose was supplied by Hayashibara Shoij (Hayashibara Shoij Inc., Okayama, Japan).
All solvents and chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without further purification. Porcine mucosae specimens were kindly supplied by the Municipal Slaughterhouse of Villabate (Palermo, Italy).