Linoleic acid sodium salt

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Linoleic acid sodium salt is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a surfactant, emulsifier, and solubilizing agent. The product is utilized in research, analytical, and formulation processes where its properties are required.

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Lab products found in correlation

Trolox, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Soybean lox, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nordihydroguaiaretic acid ndga, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Chloroform, by RCI Labscan (1 mentions) Acetic acid, by Honeywell (1 mentions) Trichloroacetic acid, by Avantor (1 mentions) Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid edta, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 2 2 azino bis 3 ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic acid diammonium salt, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Na2co3, by Honeywell (1 mentions) 2 deoxyribose, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Gallic acid, by Honeywell (1 mentions) Potassium chloride (kcl), by Honeywell (1 mentions) Feso4 7h2o, by ITW Reagents (1 mentions) Fecl2 4h2o, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Potassium persulfate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Boric acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Linoleic acid (586 citations)

8 protocols using linoleic acid sodium salt

Evaluating Antioxidant Activities of Nitrones

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NDGA, Trolox, AAPH, soybean LOX, and linoleic acid sodium salt were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4) was prepared by mixing an aqueous KH₂PO₄ solution (50 mL, 0.2 M), and an aqueous NaOH solution (78 mL, 0.1 M); 2-Amino-2-hydroxymethyl-propane-1,3-diol (Tris) was used as a buffer pH 9. A lambda 20 (Perkin–Elmer-PharmaSpec 1700, Perkin-Elmer Corporation Ltd., Lane Beaconsfield, Bucks, UK) UV–Vis double beam spectrophotometer was used for the assays.
To measure in vitro antioxidant activity of the nitrones 8 and 9, the following assays were used: The inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LP) induced by AAPH, the DMSO method for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, the ABTS^+·–decolorization assay and the in vitro inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase (LOX).

Hadjipavlou-Litina D., Głowacka I.E., Marco-Contelles J, & Piotrowska D.G. (2022). Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole-Containing Nitrones. Antioxidants, 12(1), 36.

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Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Evaluation

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Several assays were used to evaluate in vitro antioxidant activity of nitrones, such as the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LP), induced by AAPH in the presence of atmospheric oxygen, competition of the tested compounds with DMSO, in terms of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and ABTS^+∙ decolorization assay. In vitro inhibition of soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) was used to determine anti-inflammatory activity. Reagents and materials: nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), Trolox, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), soybean LOX, and linoleic acid sodium salt were from Aldrich Chemical Co. Milwaukee, WI, (USA). Phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4) was prepared by mixing an aqueous KH₂PO₄ solution (50 mL, 0.2 M), and an aqueous NaOH solution (78 mL, 0.1 M); pH (7.4) was adjusted by adding a solution of KH₂PO₄ or NaOH. A Lambda 20 (Perkin–Elmer-PharmaSpec 1700, Boston, MA, USA) UV–Vis double beam spectrophotometer was used for the assays.

Diez-Iriepa D., Knez D., Gobec S., Iriepa I., de los Ríos C., Bravo I., López-Muñoz F., Marco-Contelles J, & Hadjipavlou-Litina D. (2022). Polyfunctionalized α-Phenyl-tert-butyl(benzyl)nitrones: Multifunctional Antioxidants for Stroke Treatment. Antioxidants, 11(9), 1735.

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Antioxidant and Redox Activity Assays

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Thiobarbituric acid (TBA); lipoxygenase from soybean; nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT); reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and N-phenylmethazonium methosulfate (PMS) were purchased from Fluka, Biochemika, Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany. Linoleic acid sodium salt; 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS); 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and 2-deoxyribose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany. Trichloro acetic acid was purchased from VWR, Leuven, Belgium. Ferrozine iron reagent hydrate; ethylenediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA); FeCl₂.4H₂O, FeCl₃; and potassium persulfate were purchased from Acros organics, New Jersey, USA. L(+)-Ascorbic acid and boric acid were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. KH₂PO₄-K₂HPO₄; FeSO₄.7H₂O were purchased from Panreac, Barcelona, Spain. H₂O₂ was purchased from Fisher Scientific, New Jersey, USA. L-α-lecithin of soybean was purchased from CALBIOCHEM, Darmstadt, Germany. Chloroform was purchased from lab-scan, Dublin; Folin Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, was purchased from Panreac Química SA (Barcelona, Spain). Gallic acid; Na₂CO₃; acetic acid; acetic acid; sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); KCl; butanol; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); mannitol KCl were purchased from Riedel de Haen (Seelze, Germany).

Ben-Nasr S., Aazza S., Mnif W, & Miguel M.D. (2015). Antioxidant and anti-lipoxygenase activities of extracts from different parts of Lavatera cretica L. grown in Algarve (Portugal). Pharmacognosy Magazine, 11(41), 48-54.

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Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation of Coumarin Derivatives

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1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), linoleic acid sodium salt, and lipoxidase Type I-B from Glycine max (soybean) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA); sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate and sodium phosphate dibasic dehydrate were purchased from Merck KgaA, Merck Group (Darmstadt, Germany); boric acid, sodium tetraborate decahydrate, and tri-sodium phosphate hexahydrate were purchased from Honeywell Fluka^™ (Charlotte, NC, USA); ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate was purchased from Kemika d.d. (Zagreb, Croatia); dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfuric acid were purchased from Gram-Mol d.o.o. (Zagreb, Croatia); and 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride and coumarin were purchased from Acros Organics B.V.B.A. (Geel, Belgium).
The coumarin derivatives (1–39) were synthesized and characterized as previously reported [28 (link)].

Lončarić M., Strelec I., Pavić V., Šubarić D., Rastija V, & Molnar M. (2020). Lipoxygenase Inhibition Activity of Coumarin Derivatives—QSAR and Molecular Docking Study. Pharmaceuticals, 13(7), 154.

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Lipoxygenase Inhibition and DPPH Assay

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Absorbances were measured on a Lambda 20 double-beam spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer, UK). Centrifuge 5810 R (Eppendorf, Germany), microplate reader (iEMS, Finland) and Multiscan plate reader (Thermo) were used. Linoleic acid sodium salt, soybean lipoxygenase (LOX), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), 2,2’-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Triton X100 and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Vlainić J., Kosalec I., Pavić K., Hadjipavlou-Litina D., Pontiki E, & Zorc B. (2018). Insights into biological activity of ureidoamides with primaquine and amino acid moieties. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 33(1), 376-382.

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C. elegans Lifespan Assay on NGM

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Eggs were placed on standard NGM media with OP50 bacteria. Lifespan was scored every 1–2 days. Animals were raised at 25 degrees from eggs until day 1, and transferred to 20 degrees henceforth, except for the DGLA related lifespans. Related lifespans experiments were performed concurrently to minimize variability. In all experiments, lifespan was scored as of the L4 stage, which was set as t = 0. Animals that ruptured or crawled off the plates were included in the lifespan analysis as censored worms. For DGLA-supplemented lifespans, linoleic acid sodium salt (Sigma L8134) was dissolved in water and added to 0.1% NP-40-containing plates to a final concentration of 150 μM. Plates containing the detergent NP-40 (0.1%) were used as control. DGLA related lifespans were performed at 20 degrees from egg stage. SPSS program was used to determine the means and the P-values. P-values were calculated using the Breslow (Generalized Wilcoxon) method (Gehan, 1965 (link)).

Cohen-Berkman M., Dudkevich R., Ben-Hamo S., Fishman A., Salzberg Y., Waldman Ben-Asher H., Lamm A.T, & Henis-Korenblit S. (2020). Endogenous siRNAs promote proteostasis and longevity in germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans. eLife, 9, e50896.

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Neurotropin Modulates Mitochondrial Dynamics

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Neurotropin (NTP) was provided by Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Osaka, Japan). Tetramethylrhodamine (TMRM) was purchased from Anaspec (Fremont, CA, United States). MitoSOX red was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, United States). Sodium palmitate, linoleic acid sodium salt, the AMPK inhibitor (Compound C; 6-[4-(2-Piperidin-1-ylethoxy) phenyl]-3-pyridin-4-ylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States), SP600126 (JNK inhibitor), and the antibody for β-actin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, United States). TG kits were from Pointe Scientific Inc (Canton, MI, United States). Antibodies against AMPK, phospho-AMPK, JNK, and phospho-JNK were purchased from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, United States). Control scramble siRNA (#12935300) and Ppargc1b siRNA (#AM16708) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, United States).

Wang Q., Wang Z., Xu M., Tu W., Hsin I.F., Stotland A., Kim J.H., Liu P., Naiki M., Gottlieb R.A, & Seki E. (2020). Neurotropin Inhibits Lipid Accumulation by Maintaining Mitochondrial Function in Hepatocytes via AMPK Activation. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 950.

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Fatty Acid Incubation Modulates Cell Signaling

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One day after seeding, PHH and HuH7 cells were serum starved overnight in either serum-free Williams Medium E with maintenance supplements (CM4000, Thermo Fisher Scientific) or DMEM supplemented with 0.2% free fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (FFA-free BSA, Sigma-Aldrich) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin, respectively. Cells were then incubated for 48 h in the presence or absence of 400 µM sodium oleate or linoleic acid sodium salt (≥98%, Sigma-Aldrich) in DMEM supplemented with 0.5% BSA and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. To solubilize the fatty acids, 20 mM fatty acid solutions were prepared in 0.01 M NaOH and incubated for 30 min at 70°C, then diluted to 4 mM with 5% FFA-free BSA in PBS and incubated at 55°C for 10 min to conjugate the fatty acids to BSA. The fatty acid solutions were then mixed 1:9 with serum-free DMEM with 1% penicillin-streptomycin to obtain a 400 µM fatty acid, 0.5% BSA solution in DMEM (7, 22) . To evaluate the effect of lipid droplet size on YAP signal, cells were treated with 400 µM oleate and 100 nM insulin (Sigma-Aldrich) for 48 h to inhibit lipolysis and generate large lipid droplets.

Chin L., Theise N.D., Loneker A.E., Janmey P.A., & Wells R.G. (2020). Lipid droplets disrupt mechanosensing in human hepatocytes.

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