Cytochrome c

MPT0G211, tubastatin A (TBA), and SAHA were synthesized by Dr. Jing-Ping Liou’s Lab. (School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan), and the purity are more than 98%. Doxorubicin (DOXO), cyclophosphamide (CTX), and vincristine (VCR) was obtained from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Antibodies against BCL-2, BCL-XL, cleaved caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9, acetyl-α-Tubulin, acetyl-histone 3, histone 3, HDAC6, survivin, p-ATM, p-ATR, p-CHK1, CHK1, cyclin B1, aurora B, p-PLK1, p-H3S10, p-CDC2 (Y15), and p-CDC2 (T161) were purchased from Cell signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). α-Tubulin, γ-H2AX, ATM, ATR, BAX, cytochrome c, and COX IV were from Genetex (Irvine, CA, USA). PARP and CDC2 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA).

All chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA) if not stated otherwise. Cell culture reagents, dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR-123) and 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Antibodies, including AIF, phospho-AMPKα Thr172 (pAMPKα T172), AMPKα, HSP70, HSP90, GAP43, MAP2, LC3B, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, and COX IV were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). HO-1 antibody was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA). SQSTM1/p62, histone H3, Bcl-2, AIF, and cytochrome c antibodies were obtained from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA). caspase-3 and GAPDH antibodies and siRNA were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Alexa Fluor 488 or 568-conjugated and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained separately from Life Technologies (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Jackson ImmunoResearch (West Grove, PA, USA). The kits used for TUNEL and subcellular fractionation were purchased from BioVision Inc (Mountain View, CA, USA). Pharmacological agents, including SnPP, hemin, AICAR, dorsomorphin, CQ, 3-MA, Z-VAD-FMK, and SIN-1 were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA).