Reduced GSH, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), ampicillin, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the chromatographic material Sepharose CL-6B were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA (Merck, Rahway, NJ, USA) and were used without further treatment. Ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). DU-145 culture media were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). The (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) reagent (MTT) was purchased from Applichem (Darmstadt, Germany).
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)
Manufactured by Scharlab
Sourced in Spain, United States
DMSO is a colorless, odorless, and hygroscopic organic solvent. It has a high boiling point and is miscible with water and many organic solvents. DMSO is commonly used as a solvent and cryoprotectant in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Acetonitrile, by Scharlab (4 mentions)
Thymol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Chloroform, by Scharlab (3 mentions)
Eugenol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide mtt, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Cinnamaldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Potassium carbonate k2co3, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Thiobarbituric acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Carvacrol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (mtt), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Toluene, by Scharlab (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Dichloromethane, by Scharlab (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Sepharose cl 6b, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hank s balanced salt solution hbss, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
β galactosidase β gal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
35 protocols using dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso)
1
Reagents for Cell Viability Assay
2
Biocompatible Nanomaterial Synthesis and Characterization
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Tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS), triethanolamine (TEAH3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), N-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), lucifer yellow (LY), coumarin 6 (C6), rhodamine B (RhB), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, from Escherichia coli), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), thymol (Thy), eugenol (Eug), cinnamaldehyde (Cin), lactose (Lac), paraformaldehyde (PAF), bovine serum albumin (BSA), β-galactosidase (β-gal) from Aspergillus oryzae and all the components of the simulated fluids for the biofluid digestion were provided by Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich Química S.L., Madrid, Spain). Ethanol (extra pure), methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and Hanks’ Balanced Salt solution (HBSS) were supplied by ThermoFisher (Madrid, Spain). Dulbecco’s modified Eagles Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% nonessential aminoacids and 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Labclinics (Labclinics S.A., Barcelona, Spain).
3
Quantification of Triterpenoid Acids in Cell Assays
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All solvents, reagents, and standards used were of analytical grade. Standards used in HPLC analysis: ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), corosolic acid (CA), and betulinic acid (BA), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland). Solvents used in the study: 99.9% acetonitrile and 99.9% acetone, were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich GmbH (Buchs, Switzerland), and 99.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Scharlab S.L. (Barcelona, Spain). In this study, we used deionized water prepared by a Milli-Q (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) water purification system. Doxorubicin (DOX) hydrochloride was bought from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (97.0%, MTT) was purchased from Buchs GmbH, Switzerland. The plasticware for cell cultures was obtained from Techno Plastic Products (Trasadingen, Switzerland), Corning (Corning, NY, USA), and Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle high-glucose medium (DMEM Glutamax), TrypLETM Express reagent, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin solution (100×), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). NanoShuttle magnetic nanoparticles were purchased from Nano3D Biosciences Inc. (Houston, TX, USA).
4
Photocatalytic Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis
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Tannic acid (TNA), the photosensitizer methylene blue (MB), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were obtained from Alfa Aesar. Imidazole (98%), N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (RNO), folic acid (FA), and ethyl (dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.9%) was obtained from Bio-Tech. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Scharlau (Sentmenat, Spain). NH2-PEG3500-NH2 and 9,10-anthracenediyl-bis (methylene) dimalonic acid (ABDA) were purchased from JenKem Technology and FLUKA, respectively. These chemicals were used as received. Deionized water (DI water) was used as a solvent to dissolve the hydrophilic chemicals.
5
Pineapple Stem Flour: Versatile Biomaterial
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Hong Mao Biochemicals Co., Ltd. (Rayong, Thailand) supplied the pineapple stem flour (PAF), which is a by-product of bromelain extractions (Rayong, Thailand). Before further use, the flour was dried at 65 °C for 48 h. The commercially available analytical-grade chemicals that were used include dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Scharlab S.L., Barcelona, Spain), potassium carbonate (K2CO3; MERCK, Darmstadt, Germany), methyl laurate (Tokyo Chemical Industry, TCI, Tokyo, Japan), and ethanol (AR grade; RCI Labscan Limited, Bangkok, Thailand). Water (RO grade; conductivity = 5–15 microsiemens) was used to prepare the water glue samples. Apple cider vinegar (5 wt.%; pH 2.21; ECOVINAL S.L., Sartaguda, Navarra, Spain) was purchased from a local supermarket in Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
Potato dextrose agar (HIMEDIA, Maharashtra, India) and potato dextrose broth (HIMEDIA, Maharashtra, India) were also used for this study. Aspergillus niger TISTR3281 (or A. niger) was purchased from the TISTR Biodiversity Research Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Cardboard paper (100 g) was supplied by PT TRANG CO., LTD., Trang, Thailand. Two commercial water glues were purchased from local shops in Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
Potato dextrose agar (HIMEDIA, Maharashtra, India) and potato dextrose broth (HIMEDIA, Maharashtra, India) were also used for this study. Aspergillus niger TISTR3281 (or A. niger) was purchased from the TISTR Biodiversity Research Center, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Cardboard paper (100 g) was supplied by PT TRANG CO., LTD., Trang, Thailand. Two commercial water glues were purchased from local shops in Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.
6
Montmorillonite, Saponite, and Hectorite Characterization
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Kunipia F (KF, natural refined montmorillonite), Sumecton SA (SSA, synthetic saponite) and Sumecton SWN (SSWN, synthetic hectorite) were acquired from Kunimine Industries Co. (Tokio, Japan). Rhodamine B (RhB), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), oleic acid (OA), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), hemin, cyanocobalamin (B12), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and bile extract porcine were purchased from Sigma (Sigma-Aldrich Química S.L., Madrid, Spain). Ethanol (extra pure), hexane and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were acquired from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). In addition, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was provided by ThermoFisher (Madrid, Spain). Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin/streptomycin antibiotic (P/S), non-essential aminoacids and all the needed mediums and materials for cell culture were provided by Labclinics (Labclinics S.A., Barcelona, Spain).
7
Cell Viability Assay with Tubulin Antibodies
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin-streptomycin, PBS and trypsin were from Gibco (Carlsbad, CA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), mebendazole and albendazole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Paclitaxel was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Michigan, USA). Anti-α-tubulin (DM1A) mouse antibody and anti-acetyl-α-tubulin (Lys40) (D20G3) rabbit antibody were from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA).
8
Hepatocarcinoma Cell Cytotoxicity Evaluation
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Triethanolamine (TEAH3), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), carvacrol (≥ 98% w/w), thymol (≥ 99% w/w), (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), 2′,7′-di-chlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2-DCFDA), Rhodamine 123, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), deferoxamine mesylate salt (DFA) and di-ter-butyl-methylphenol (BHT) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Spain).
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Scharlab (Spain).
The HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture collection (ATCC HB-8065). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM-Glutamax™) with high glucose (4.5 g/L), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), newborn calf serum (NBCS), penicillin, streptomycin, trypsin-EDTA 0.5% and sodium pyruvate were supplied by Gibco (Life-Technologies, USA).
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Scharlab (Spain).
The HepG2 human hepatocarcinoma cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture collection (ATCC HB-8065). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM-Glutamax™) with high glucose (4.5 g/L), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), newborn calf serum (NBCS), penicillin, streptomycin, trypsin-EDTA 0.5% and sodium pyruvate were supplied by Gibco (Life-Technologies, USA).
9
Silica Microparticles: Cell Viability Analysis
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All the reagents and cell culture components were of standard laboratory grade. Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) microparticles (SYLYSIA® SY350/FCP) were provided by Silysiamont (Italy). Acetonitrile, KOH, MgSO4, HCl, CHCl3, n-butanone, H2SO4 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Scharlab (Spain). Vanillin (MW: 152.2 g/mol, purity ≥ 99%) was supplied by Ventós (Spain). Thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT), glycine, eugenol (MW: 164.2 g/mol, purity ≥ 98%), (3aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), triethanolamine (TEAH3), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), NaOH, and all other reagents used in the synthesis and functionalisation of silica particles, were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Spain). Alamar Blue® (AB) reagent was acquired from Invitrogen (USA). Trypsin-EDTA 0.5%, antibiotics, newborn calf serum (NBCS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM-Glutamax TM ) with high glucose (4.5 g/L) and sodium pyruvate were supplied by Gibco (LifeTechnologies, USA).
Stock solutions of eugenol and vanillin (2.5 M) were prepared in DMSO and were left frozen until used. The final tested eugenol and vanillin concentrations were achieved by adding them to the culture medium at a final DMSO concentration ≤ 0.5% (v/v).
Stock solutions of eugenol and vanillin (2.5 M) were prepared in DMSO and were left frozen until used. The final tested eugenol and vanillin concentrations were achieved by adding them to the culture medium at a final DMSO concentration ≤ 0.5% (v/v).
10
Isolation and Cryopreservation of PBMCs
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Blood was collected as described above and whole blood was mixed with 10 mL of RPMI medium (Cultek, Madrid, Spain) supplemented with L-glutamine (Cultek, Madrid, Spain) and 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and then mixed with an equal volume of LYMPHOPREPTM (STEMCELL Technologies, Grenoble, France). The mixture was centrifuged at 900 g for 40 min, and the cellular layer containing PBMCs was collected and washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (Gibco, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The purified PBMCs were cultured in RPMI complete medium in a non-treated plate and incubated at 37 °C 5% CO2 conditions for 4 h. After that, adherent cells (macrophages) were picked and cryopreserved in RPMI medium with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain) and 11.25% FBS. Cryopreserved cells were stored in liquid nitrogen until use [27 ].
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