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Clean up kit

Manufactured by A&A Biotechnology
Sourced in Poland

The Clean-up Kit is a laboratory equipment product designed to facilitate the purification and extraction of biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, or proteins, from complex samples. The kit provides a standardized and efficient protocol for removing impurities and contaminants, allowing for the recovery of high-quality target molecules.

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24 protocols using clean up kit

1

PCR Amplification and Sequencing of Avian Mitogenomes

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The PCR amplifications were performed in 25 μl reaction mixture containing 50 ng of the DNA template, 1 U DreamTaq Green DNA Polymerase (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 2.5 μl of 10 x buffer, 0.6 μl of 10 mM dNTPs, and 0.6 μl of each primer (10 μM). In the case of diagnostic fragments (CR1/CR2, ND6–1/ND6–2, tRNA-Pro1/tRNA-Pro2, ND6–1/tRNA-Pro2), following program was used: 94 °C for 5 min; 94 °C for 30 s, 56–62 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 120 s repeated 35 times; and 72 °C for 5 min. In the case of all other fragments the reaction conditions were as follows: 94 °C for 5 min; 94 °C for 30 s, 56–62 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 180 s repeated 35 times; and 72 °C for 5 min. For each amplified fragment, the appropriate amount of the PCR reaction mixtures was cleaned with the use of Clean-up Kit (A&A Biotechnology) to obtain the final volume of 100 μl with the concentration of at least 50 ng/μl. The two DNA strands of the cleaned PCR products were sequenced using the Primer Walking method (Wyzer Biosciences Inc., Cambridge, MA). Overlaps between three or four fragments amplified for each species were sufficient to assemble the whole mitogenomic regions including duplicated elements with the use of appropriate avian reference mitogenomes containing GO-FD (Table S7 in Additional file 2) or GO-I (Notiomystis cincta and Turdus philomelos) gene orders.
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2

Mitochondrial Genome Assembly via PCR Amplification

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The PCR amplifications were performed in 25 μl reaction mixture containing 50 ng of the DNA template, 1U DreamTaq Green DNA Polymerase (Thermo Fisher Scientific), 2.5 μl of 10× buffer, 0.6 μl of 10 mM dNTPs, and 0.6 μl of each primer (10 μM). The reaction conditions were as follows: 94 °C for 5 min; 94 °C for 30 s, 58 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 180 s repeated 35 times; and 72 °C for 5 min in the case of fragments 1, 2, 3, and 4. For fragments 5 and 6, we used the following program: 94 °C for 5 min; 94 °C for 30 s, 58 °C for 30 s, 72 °C for 120 s repeated 35 times; and 72 °C for 5 min. For each fragment, the appropriate amount of the PCR reaction mixtures was cleaned with the use of Clean-up Kit (A&A Biotechnology) to obtain the final volume of 100 μl with the concentration of at least 50 ng/μl. Two DNA strands of the cleaned PCR products were sequenced using Primer Walking method (Wyzer Biosciences Inc., Cambridge, MA). Overlaps between the amplified fragments from 1 to 6 were sufficient to assemble the whole circular genomic sequence with the use of appropriate reference mitogenomes of Cacatuidae taxa or N. notabilis. The annotation of genes was performed in MITOS (Bernt et al. 2013 (link)). Intergenic and long CRs were searched for remnant CRs or pseudogenes using the optimal global: local algorithm (glsearch) form FASTA package version 36.3.8g (Pearson et al. 1997 (link)).
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3

Amplification and Sequencing of Cyanobacterial 16S rRNA

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DNA was extracted with FastDNA SPIN Kit for Soil (MP Biomedicals, Warszawa, Poland) according to manufacturer’s instructions. Presence and condition of the extracted DNA was confirmed with 1% agarose (Agaroza LE Standard, DNA Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland) gel electrophoresis. The region containing 16S rRNA + ITS + 5′ end of the 23S rRNA gene in the extracted DNA was amplified using the primers CYA359F [50 (link)] and 23S30R [51 (link)]. The amplification was done in a reaction mixture containing 0.1 µL (100 µM) of each primer, 12.5 µL MyTaq Red Mix polymerase (Bioline, London, United Kingdom) and 2 µL (~200 ng) DNA sample. Final volume of the reaction mixture was 25 µL. The PCR conditions were as in [52 (link)], but annealing temperature was changed to 57 °C. Amplification was done in a Mastercycler (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) and the PCR product was purified with a Clean-Up Kit (A & A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland). Presence and the condition of the PCR product were controlled with 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR product was sequenced (Genomed, Warzsawa, Poland) using the CYA359F primer [50 (link)] to obtain the partial 16S rRNA gene sequence. The partial 16S rRNA sequence of strain 06S067 was deposited to GenBank (accession number KU533863).
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4

Archaeal Species Identification via 16S rRNA

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Archaeal species were identified on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence by direct sequencing of representative archaeal PCR products. Archaeal DNA samples were amplified using PCR method and separated using electrophoresis as described above. Next, the amplified archaeal DNA samples were purified with Clean Up kit (A&A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland) according to the manufacturer's protocol. PCR products were sequenced using 3130xl Genetic Analyser (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) and the same forward primers as for PCR amplification were used (Table 1).
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5

PCR-based Amplicon Cloning and Sequencing

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PCR-based amplicons 1587 bp in size for the marker PGCRURSE5 were obtained from both parents and purified using a Clean-Up Kit (A&A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The amplicons were blunted using a Fast DNA End Repair Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and cloned into a blunt pCRScript Amp SK cloning vector (Promega, Madison, Wisconsin, USA). E. coli Top10 chemocompetent cells were used for transformation, and colonies with inserts of interest were picked and sequenced bidirectionally. Sequencing reactions were performed using the BigDye Terminator v3.1 kit (Life Technologies Polska Ltd., Warsaw, Poland), and products were resolved on an ABI3730XL genetic analyser at the Laboratory of DNA Sequencing and Oligonucleotide Synthesis (Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland).
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6

Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation and Molecular Marker Amplification

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The genomic DNA was isolated from 20 bacterial strains using a Genomic Mini AX Bacteria Spin Kit (A&A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland) in accordance with the manufacturer instruction. All amplification reactions were carried out with FirePol Master Mix (Solis BioDyne, Tartu, Estonia). PCR amplifications of 2 molecular markers for each isolate, i.e., the 16S rRNA gene and rpoB (coding RNA polymerase subunit β) or gapA (coding glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase) were performed using primer pairs and PCR cycling parameters described in Table 2. Purifications of the amplicons were performed with the use of Clean-Up Kit (A&A Biotechnology, Gdynia, Poland). The amplicons were sequenced using the same primers in Genomed S.A. (Warsaw, Poland).
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7

Fungal Identification: Phenotypic and Molecular Protocols

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Firstly, the obtained fungi were identified using classic phenotypic methods according to available monographs and articles [33 (link),34 (link),35 (link),36 (link),37 ,38 (link),39 (link),40 (link),41 (link),42 (link),43 (link),44 (link),45 (link),46 ]. In the next step, a molecular analysis of the obtained fungal cultures was performed. For this purpose, DNA was extracted from a 28-day-old culture on PDA using Bead-Beat Micro AX Gravity (A&A Biotechnology, Gdańsk, Poland) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Fungal rDNA was amplified using two fungal-specific PCR primers: ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) [47 ]. PCR was performed in a T100 Thermal Cycler for 35 cycles (Bio-Rad, Berkeley, CA, USA) according to Ogórek et al. [48 (link)]: after initial denaturation for 5 min at 94 °C, each cycle comprised 30 s denaturation at 94 °C, 30 s annealing at 55 °C, 45 s extension at 72 °C with a final extension for 7 min at 72 °C at the end of 35 cycles. The fungal internal transcribed spacer regions were verified by electrophoretic separation on a 1.2% agarose gel, subsequently purified using Clean-Up Kit (A&A Biotechnology, Gdańsk, Poland), and sequenced at Macrogen Europe (The Netherlands, http://dna.macrogen.com/eng/, accessed on 12 May 2021).
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8

Isolation and identification of P. agardhii

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Two strains of P. agardhii were isolated from the bloom sample collected from the SDR on October 16, 2012. The isolates were identified using microscopic analysis (Komárek and Anagnostidis 2005 ) and molecular methods. Single trichomes of P. agardhii were picked up and purified by multiple transfers to agar (1.0 % bacterial agar) and liquid Z8 medium (Kotai 1972 ). The isolates were cultivated at 22 °C, and continuous light of 5 µE m2/s provided by standard cool white fluorescent lamps. The strains, CCNP1325 and CCNP1326, were deposited in the Culture Collection of Northern Poland at the Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk. Genomic DNA was extracted with Genomic Mini Kit (A&A Biotechnology), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. 16S rRNA gene cyanobacteria-specific primers were used: CYA359F (Nübel et al. 1997 (link)) and 23S30R (Lepére et al. 2000 (link)). The PCR was performed according to Koskenniemi et al. (2007 (link)) with minor changes (annealing temperature changed to 57 °C). The amplified PCR products were purified using Clean-up Kit (A&A Biotechnology). Nucleotide sequences have been deposited in the GenBank database under the accession numbers KF976399 for CCNP1325 and KF976400 for CCNP1326.
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9

Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Detection

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All PCR reactions were carried out with a HotStarTaq Plus Master Mix Kit (Qiagen) according to the manufacturer's protocols in a nexus gradient thermocycler (Eppendorf). The following genes were selected for the antimicrobial resistance tests: sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), tet(G), blaTEM‐1, floR, cat1, cat2, aac6, strA, and strB. In case of virulence, the investigated genes were: lpf, sivH, invA, agaF, and avaR. The list of investigated genes, primer sequences, product size, and annealing temperature are summarized in Table S2. All primers were synthesized by Genomed S.A. (Poland). Ten microlitres of PCR products were electrophoresed on a 2% agarose gel in the presence of Midori Green Advance (Nippon Genetics, Germany), at 120 V for 60 min. The results were read using the Quantum ST5 Gel Documentation System (Vilber). To confirm the specificity of the amplicons obtained, some PCR products of interest were randomly selected and purified using a CleanUp kit (A&A Biotechnology) for sequencing (Genomed).
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10

Cloning and Amplification of pIGRK Elements

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The following elements of the REP module of pIGRK were cloned in vector pUC18: (i) CR (pUC-RK4_2), (ii) IT1–4 (pUC-RK-4_1), (iii) IR (pUC-RK_21) and (iv) DR1–3 (pUC-RK_22) (Additional file 3: Table S2). Using these plasmid constructs as templates the cloned DNA fragments were amplified by PCR with “universal” M13 forward and reverse primers – M13pUCf and FAM-labeled M13pUCrFAM (oligos 42 and 43 in [Additional file 4: Table S3]), and subsequently purified using a Clean-Up kit (A&A Biotechnology). The same primer pair was used for the amplification of a 136-bp DNA fragment of pUC18, which served as a negative control.
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